Colley v. Benton County Washington

[4] 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON [6] 7 ISAIAH MOSSES COLLEY, DAKOTA LEIGH STREET, DION NO. 4:22-CV-5157-TOR 8 ALBERTO GALVAN, BERNICE TANYA COLLEY, LYDIA ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT 9 RESENDEZ, and DAVID CITY OF CENTRALIA’S MOTION MARTINEZ, TO DISMISS AND DEFENDANT 10 CITY OF PROSSER’S MOTION TO Plaintiffs, JOIN [11] v. [12] BENTON COUNTY, 13 WASHINGTON; CITY OF PROSSER, WASHINGTON; CITY 14 OF CENTRALIA; and LEWIS COUNTY, WASHINGTON, [15] Defendants. [16] 17 BEFORE THE COURT is Defendant City of Centralia’s Motion to Dismiss 18 (ECF No. 47) which Defendant City of Prosser seeks to join (ECF No. 51). These 19 matters were considered without oral argument. The Court has reviewed the 20 record and files herein and is fully informed. For the reasons discussed below, 1 Defendant City of Centralia’s Motion to Dismiss (ECF No. 47) and Defendant City 2 of Prosser’s Motion to Join (ECF No. 51) are DENIED. 3 DISCUSSION 4 Defendants City of Centralia and City of Prosser move to dismiss under 5 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 16(f)(1)(C)1 and 37(b)(2)(A)(v)2 based on a 6 purported failure by Plaintiff to fully participate in discovery, failure to pay 7 awarded attorney’s fees, and failure to amend the Complaint. ECF Nos. 47 at 2–4 8 and 51 at 2–5. The Ninth Circuit employs a five-factor test to determine whether 9 sanction in the form of dismissal is proper: (1) the public interest, (2) the court’s 10 need to manage the docket, (3) the risk of prejudice to the defendant, (4) public 11 policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits and (5) the availability of less [12] 1 “On motion or on its own, the court may issue any just orders, including those [13] authorized by Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(ii)-(vii), if a party or its attorney . . . fails to obey a [14] scheduling or other pretrial order.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(f)(1)(C). [15] 2 “If a party or a party's officer, director, or managing agent--or a witness [16] designated under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a)(4)--fails to obey an order to provide or [17] permit discovery, including an order under Rule 26(f), 35, or 37(a), the court where [18] the action is pending may issue further just orders,” which may include, [19] “dismissing the action in whole or in part.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2)(A)(v). [20] 1 drastic alternatives. Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258 , 1260–61 (9th Cir.1991) 2 (quoting Thompson v. Hous. Auth. of City of Los Angeles, 782 F.2d 829, 831 (9th 3 Cir. 1986)). “Dismissal is a harsh penalty and is to be imposed only in extreme 4 circumstances.” Henderson v. Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1423 (9th Cir.1986). 5 In support of the first and second factors, Defendants posit that public 6 interest is in favor of a speedy resolution of this litigation, which goes hand in hand 7 with docket management. ECF Nos. 47 at 8 and 51 at 6. While in agreement that 8 expedient resolution of a dispute is favorable, the Court notes that in the 9 Scheduling Order, issued on July 3, 2023, parties were directed to contact 10 chambers to resolve discovery disputes in a timely manner. ECF No. 27 at 6. 11 Defendants opted to instead file these motions for sanctions. This, in conjunction 12 with Plaintiffs’ answers to interrogatories on the record, (ECF No. 52), and 13 Plaintiffs’ counsel’s declaration that attorney’s fees were paid on January 19 (ECF 14 No. 49), weighs against granting dismissal. 15 As to the third factor, courts determine prejudice to a defendant by 16 examining whether the plaintiff's actions impair the defendant’s ability to maintain 17 trial schedule or threatens to interfere with the rightful decision of the case. See 18 Rubin v. Belo Broadcasting Corp. (In re Rubin), 769 F.2d 611, 618 (9th Cir.1985). 19 Defendants assert that both cities have faced prejudice because Plaintiffs have 20 failed to timely amend their complaint. ECF Nos. 47 at 8–9 and 51 at 7–9. The 1 discovery Plaintiffs have responded has, in some cases been non-responsive 2 overbroad. Id.; see also ECF No. 52. Defendants argue Plaintiffs’ conduct in this 3 case has resulted in a delay in their own case management and will ultimately lead 4 to prejudice. Id. Discovery in this matter is not set to close until July 1, 2024. 5 ECF No. 27 at 4, ¶ 5. Further, Plaintiffs have provided answers to the 6 interrogatories. See generally ECF No. 52. If parties cannot meet the deadline due 7 to discovery-related issues, Defendants are free to seek an extension in the 8 scheduling order deadline and contact the Court to sort out disputes. However, 9 given that the cutoff is still nearly five months away, the Court is not persuaded 10 that dismissal due to prejudice is warranted at this stage of the proceeding. 11 Similarly, Defendants are correct that the Court ordered Plaintiffs to amend their 12 Complaint within a timely fashion which has yet to be accomplished, but it sua 13 sponte dismissed the John Doe Defendants, thereby alleviating some of the 14 confusion surrounding Plaintiffs’ claims. ECF No. 41. While the third factor 15 weighs slightly in favor of dismissal given that Plaintiffs, aided by learned counsel, 16 have yet to amend their Complaint, it must be balanced in light of the other factors. 17 The fourth factor weighs heavily against dismissal based on procedure when 18 considered in conjunction with Court’s impending consideration of Defendant 19 Benton County’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings (ECF No. 50). Plaintiffs 20 have been cautioned to be more attentive to directives from the Court moving forward (ECF No. 59), however public policy favoring disposition of claims based on their merit “is particularly important in civil rights cases.” Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir.1987). With the opportunity to hear the merits of this case approaching, this factor weighs against a sanction in the form of dismissal. 5 While Defendants are correct that the Court has imposed sanctions on 6|| Plaintiffs’ counsel in conjunction with a motion to compel (ECF No. 46), the Fifth 7|| and Sixth factors also weigh against dismissal because, as stated above, the Court 8 || is available to resolve discovery disputes quickly. ECF Nos. 47 at 10, 51 at 10. 9|| Further, Plaintiffs’ counsel has attested that the awarded fees have been paid, and 10|| that efforts have been made to comply with the Court’s Order. ECF No. 49. Alternative forms of resolution for Defendants’ discovery issues are available, and dismissal based on Rules 16(f) and 37(b) is too drastic of a measure at this point. 13 |} ACCORDINGLY, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 14 Defendant City of Centralia’s Motion to Dismiss (ECF No. 47) and 15 Defendant City of Prosser’s Motion to Join (ECF No. 51) are DENIED. 16 The District Court Executive is directed to enter this Order and furnish 17|| copies to counsel. Each party to bear its own costs and expenses. 18 DATED March 12, 2024. 19 LOD Ug Kies gp STO, 0. ee 20 Oe x THOMAS O. RICE <> United States District Judge ORDER DENYING DEFENDANT CITY OF CENTRALIA’S MOTION TO