Shuffelen v. O'Malley

— 1 — U.S. FDILISETDR IINC TT HCEO URT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON — 2 — Mar 21, 2024 3 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK — 4 — — 5 — UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT — 6 — EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON — 7 — — 8 — ANGELA R. S., 1 9 NO: 2:22-CV-00164-LRS Plaintiff, — 10 — v. ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 11 MOTION FOR SUMMARY MARTIN O’MALLEY, JUDGMENT AND GRANTING 12 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SECURITY,2 SUMMARY JUDGMENT — 13 — Defendant. — 14 — 15 BEFORE THE COURT are the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment. 16 ECF Nos. 11, 12. This matter was submitted for consideration without oral — 17 — 1 The last initial of the claimant is used to protect privacy. — 18 — 2 Martin O’Malley became the Commissioner of Social Security on December 20, — 19 — 2023. Pursuant to Rule 25(d) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, Martin O’Malley is — 20 — substituted for Kilolo Kijakazi as the Defendant in this suit. — 21 — 1 argument. Plaintiff is represented by attorney Christopher H. Dellert. Defendant is 2 represented by Special Assistant United States Attorney Heidi L. Triesch. The 3 Court, having reviewed the administrative record and the parties’ briefing, is fully 4 informed. For the reasons discussed below, Plaintiff’s Motion, ECF No. 11, is 5 denied and Defendant’s Motion, ECF No. 12, is granted. 6 JURISDICTION 7 Angela R. S. (Plaintiff) filed for disability insurance benefits on August 13, 8 2019, and for supplemental security income on August 12, 2019, alleging in both 9 applications an onset date of October 1, 2014. Tr. 232-39. Benefits were denied 10 initially, Tr. 127-33, and upon reconsideration, Tr. 138-43. Plaintiff appeared at a 11 hearing before an administrative law judge (ALJ) on July 14, 2021. Tr. 43-69. On 12 July 21, 2021, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision, Tr. 12-35, and the Appeals 13 Council denied review. Tr. 1-6. The matter is now before this Court pursuant to 42 14 U.S.C. § 405 (g). 15 BACKGROUND 16 The facts of the case are set forth in the administrative hearing and transcripts, 17 the ALJ’s decision, and the briefs of Plaintiff and the Commissioner, and are 18 therefore only summarized here. 19 Plaintiff was 39 years old at the time of the alleged onset date and 45 years old 20 at the time of the hearing. Tr. 20. She completed two years of college and has a 21 medical assistant certificate. Tr. 20, 64. She last worked as a caregiver. Tr. 62. 1 She also has work experience as a receptionist and medical assistant. Tr. 63-64. 2 Plaintiff testified that she is unable to work due to a back injury, frequent migraine 3 headaches, forgetfulness, and hearing issues. Tr. 57. 4 STANDARD OF REVIEW 5 A district court’s review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social 6 Security is governed by 42 U.S.C. § 405 (g). The scope of review under § 405(g) is 7 limited; the Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed “only if it is not supported by 8 substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153 , 1158 9 (9th Cir. 2012). “Substantial evidence” means “relevant evidence that a reasonable 10 mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. at 1159 (quotation and 11 citation omitted). Stated differently, substantial evidence equates to “more than a 12 mere scintilla[,] but less than a preponderance.” Id. (quotation and citation omitted). 13 In determining whether the standard has been satisfied, a reviewing court must 14 consider the entire record as a whole rather than searching for supporting evidence in 15 isolation. Id. 16 In reviewing a denial of benefits, a district court may not substitute its 17 judgment for that of the Commissioner. Edlund v. Massanari, 253 F.3d 1152 , 1156 18 (9th Cir. 2001). If the evidence in the record “is susceptible to more than one 19 rational interpretation, [the court] must uphold the ALJ’s findings if they are 20 supported by inferences reasonably drawn from the record.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 21 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012). Further, a district court “may not reverse an ALJ’s 1 decision on account of an error that is harmless.” Id. An error is harmless “where it 2 is inconsequential to the [ALJ’s] ultimate nondisability determination.” Id. at 1115 3 (quotation and citation omitted). The party appealing the ALJ’s decision generally 4 bears the burden of establishing that it was harmed. Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 5 396, 409-10 (2009). 6 FIVE-STEP EVALUATION PROCESS 7 A claimant must satisfy two conditions to be considered “disabled” within the 8 meaning of the Social Security Act. First, the claimant must be “unable to engage in 9 any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or 10 mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or 11 can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.” 42 12 U.S.C. §§ 423 (d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). Second, the claimant’s impairment must 13 be “of such severity that he is not only unable to do [his or her] previous work[,] but 14 cannot, considering [his or her] age, education, and work experience, engage in any 15 other kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy.” 42 16 U.S.C. §§ 423 (d)(2)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(B). 17 The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential analysis to determine 18 whether a claimant satisfies the above criteria. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (a)(4)(i)- 19 (v), 416.920(a)(4)(i)-(v). At step one, the Commissioner considers the claimant’s 20 work activity. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (a)(4)(i), 416.920(a)(4)(i). If the claimant is — 21 — 1 engaged in “substantial gainful activity,” the Commissioner must find that the 2 claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (b), 416.920(b). 3 If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity, the analysis 4 proceeds to step two. At this step, the Commissioner considers the severity of the 5 claimant’s impairment. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (a)(4)(ii), 416.920(a)(4)(ii). If the 6 claimant suffers from “any impairment or combination of impairments which 7 significantly limits [his or her] physical or mental ability to do basic work 8 activities,” the analysis proceeds to step three. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (c), 9 416.920(c). If the claimant’s impairment does not satisfy this severity threshold, 10 however, the Commissioner must find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. 11 §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c). 12 At step three, the Commissioner compares the claimant’s impairment to 13 severe impairments recognized by the Commissioner to be so severe as to preclude a 14 person from engaging in substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. §§ 15 404.1520(a)(4)(iii), 416.920(a)(4)(iii). If the impairment is as severe or more severe 16 than one of the enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must find the claimant 17 disabled and award benefits. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (d), 416.920(d). 18 If the severity of the claimant’s impairment does not meet or exceed the 19 severity of the enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must pause to assess the 20 claimant’s “residual functional capacity.” Residual functional capacity (RFC), 21 defined generally as the claimant’s ability to perform physical and mental work 1 activities on a sustained basis despite his or her limitations, 20 C.F.R. §§ 2 404.1545(a)(1), 416.945(a)(1), is relevant to both the fourth and fifth steps of the 3 analysis. 4 At step four, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s 5 RFC, the claimant is capable of performing work that he or she has performed in the 6 past (past relevant work). 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (a)(4)(iv), 416.920(a)(4)(iv). If the 7 claimant is capable of performing past relevant work, the Commissioner must find 8 that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (f), 416.920(f). If the 9 claimant is incapable of performing such work, the analysis proceeds to step five. 10 At step five, the Commissioner should conclude whether, in view of the 11 claimant’s RFC, the claimant is capable of performing other work in the national 12 economy. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (a)(4)(v), 416.920(a)(4)(v). In making this 13 determination, the Commissioner must also consider vocational factors such as the 14 claimant’s age, education, and past work experience. 20 C.F.R. §§ 15 404.1520(a)(4)(v), 416.920(a)(4)(v). If the claimant is capable of adjusting to other 16 work, the Commissioner must find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. §§ 17 404.1520(g)(1), 416.920(g)(1). If the claimant is not capable of adjusting to other 18 work, analysis concludes with a finding that the claimant is disabled and is therefore 19 entitled to benefits. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520 (g)(1), 416.920(g)(1). 20 The claimant bears the burden of proof at steps one through four above. 21 Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). If the analysis proceeds to 1 step five, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to establish that (1) the claimant is 2 capable of performing other work; and (2) such work “exists in significant numbers 3 in the national economy.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1560 (c)(2), 416.960(c)(2); Beltran v. 4 Astrue, 700 F.3d 386, 389 (9th Cir. 2012). 5 ALJ’S FINDINGS 6 At step one, the ALJ found Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful 7 activity since October 1, 2014, the alleged onset date. Tr. 18. At step two, the ALJ 8 found that Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: mild degenerative disc 9 disease of the lumbar spine with chronic low back pain; mild degenerative disc 10 disease of the cervical spine with migraines; status-post right ankle injury; morbid 11 obesity; depression; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and somatic symptom 12 disorder. Tr. 18. 13 At step three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or 14 combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the 15 listed impairments. Tr. 18. The ALJ then found that Plaintiff has the residual 16 functional capacity to perform light work with the following additional limitations: 17 [S]tanding and walking is limited to 4 hours so she needs the ability to alternate positions to accommodate this limitation as needed. She can 18 perform postural activities frequently except climbing of ladders, ropes, or scaffolds, stooping, crouching, and crawling are limited to 19 occasional. She needs to avoid concentrated exposure to vibrations and hazards. From a psychological perspective, the claimant can 20 understand, remember, and carryout [sic] simple routine tasks. She can maintain concentration, persistence, and pace on simple routine 21 tasks for the two-hour intervals between regularly scheduled breaks. 1 She needs a predictable work environment with seldom change. There should be no fast-paced production rate of work. Interaction 2 with the public, coworkers, and supervisors is limited to superficial. 3 Tr. 20. 4 At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff is unable to perform any past 5 relevant work. Tr. 26. At step five, after considering and Plaintiff’s age, education, 6 work experience, and residual functional capacity, the ALJ found that there are jobs 7 that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff can perform 8 such as routing clerk, collator operator, and office helper. Tr. 27. Thus, the ALJ 9 determined that Plaintiff has not been under a disability as defined in the Social 10 Security Act from October 1, 2014, through the date of the decision. Tr. 28. 11 ISSUES 12 Plaintiff seeks judicial review of the Commissioner’s final decision denying 13 disability income benefits under Title II and supplemental security income under 14 Title XVI of the Social Security Act. ECF No. 11. Plaintiff raises the following 15 issue for review: whether the ALJ properly considered the evidence regarding 16 Plaintiff’s headaches. ECF No. 11 at 2. 17 DISCUSSION 18 Plaintiff contends the ALJ did not properly consider the impact of her 19 headaches on her ability to sustain activity. ECF No. 11 at 2. According to Plaintiff, 20 the ALJ’s error in evaluating her headaches led to errors in the RFC and step five 21 findings. ECF No. 11 at 2. — 1 — 2 An ALJ engages in a two-step analysis to determine whether a claimant’s 3 testimony regarding subjective pain or symptoms is credible. “First, the ALJ must 4 determine whether there is objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment 5 which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms alleged.” 6 Molina, 674 F.3d at 1112 (internal quotation marks omitted). Second, “[i]f the 7 claimant meets the first test and there is no evidence of malingering, the ALJ can 8 only reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of the symptoms if [the ALJ] 9 gives ‘specific, clear and convincing reasons’ for the rejection.” Ghanim v. Colvin, — 10 — 763 F.3d 1154, 1163 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal citations and quotations omitted). 11 The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments could 12 reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms, but that the intensity, 13 persistence and limiting effects of these symptoms are not consistent with the 14 medical and other evidence in the record. Tr. 21. 15 1. Malingering 16 Defendant argues the record contains evidence of malingering and therefore 17 the ALJ was not required to provide clear and convincing reasons for discounting 18 Plaintiff’s headache allegations. ECF No. 12 at 4-7. As noted above, the ALJ must 19 give clear and convincing reasons for rejecting a claimant’s symptom testimony only 20 if there is no evidence of malingering. See Ghanim, 763 F.3d at 1163 ; Molina, 674 21 F.3d at 112 ; Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1284 (9th Cir. 1996); Lester v. Chater, — 1 — 81 F.3d 821 , 834 (9th Cir. 2005). Defendant cites the November 2019 consultative 2 psychological exam by Catherine A MacLennan, Ph.D. which the ALJ found to be 3 “very persuasive.” Tr. 25, 493-99. Dr. MacLennan found Plaintiff’s performance 4 on the mental status exam “indicated probable exaggeration of memory problems or 5 malingering of memory problems.” Tr. 496. She found Plaintiff’s low performance 6 on the mental status exam is “very unlikely” based on the activities Plaintiff engages 7 in. Tr. 498. The ALJ noted that Dr. MacLennan concluded that Plaintiff appeared 8 to exaggerate her memory problems and functional limitations to an extent that it 9 was impossible to form an opinion about her actual abilities and functioning as it 10 related to her ability to work. Tr. 23. 11 Defendant further notes that the ALJ considered the opinion of Dr. Toews, the 12 medical expert, which the ALJ found to be persuasive. Tr. 23-25, 49-53. Dr. Toews 13 reviewed Dr. MacLennan’s findings and noted that Plaintiff’s mental status exam 14 score was 13 out of 30. He opined, “[a] score that low would basically indicate that 15 a person probably should be in a nursing home or psychiatric facility. It’s extremely 16 low. It is almost never seen to be that low.” Tr. 49. According to Dr. Toews, “[t]he 17 only situation this would bring up would be the possibility of and likelihood of 18 malingering.” Tr. 49. Dr. Toews also discussed Plaintiff’s various activities which 19 are inconsistent with the mental status exam score. Tr. 50-51. 20 Defendant also cites the ALJ’s conclusion that there was a “markedly 21 discrepant” difference between Plaintiff’s presentation in the emergency room after 1 a November 12, 2019 motor vehicle accident, her presentation at a psychological 2 evaluation two days later, and at a physical consultative evaluation two days after 3 that. ECF No. 12 at 5-6; Tr. 22. The ALJ noted minimal and mild physical exam 4 findings in the emergency room after the car accident. Tr. 21-22, 503-08. The ALJ 5 observed that similarly, at Dr. MacLennan’s psychological exam on November 14, 6 two days after the car accident, Plaintiff did not use an assistive device, and no 7 unusual physical movements or pain behavior were observed. Tr. 22, 495. 8 However, at a physical consultative evaluation on November 16, 2019, two days 9 after the psychological exam and four days after the car accident, Plaintiff reported 10 chronic low back pain as the main issue impairing her ability to work and she was 11 “unable to move her lower back in any direction” or put her socks on. The ALJ 12 observed that there was no mention of a recent motor vehicle accident in the report. 13 Tr. 22. 14 In a footnote in her opening brief, Plaintiff mentions that Dr. MacLennan 15 indicated there was a “suggestion of malingering” and noted that the exam took 16 place two days after she was in a car accident. ECF No. 11 at 6 n1. First, Dr. 17 MacLennan identified “probable” malingering, not a “suggestion” of malingering. 18 Second, if Plaintiff intended to imply that the car accident impacted her performance 19 on the psychological exam, as Defendant points out, other evidence in the record 20 does not support this conclusion. ECF No. 12 at 6-7. Lastly, Plaintiff’s reply brief 21 does not respond to Defendant’s malingering argument. 1 Based on the foregoing, it appears there is affirmative evidence of malingering 2 in the record. The ALJ would have perhaps been justified in discounting Plaintiff’s 3 symptom claims on that basis. Nevertheless, the ALJ gave reasons for the weight 4 assigned to Plaintiff’s symptom testimony. As such, the Court reviews them 5 accordingly. 6 2. Clear and Convincing Reasons 7 First, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s allegations are inconsistent with the 8 conservative treatment she received. Tr. 21. The type, dosage, effectiveness, and 9 side effects of medication taken to alleviate pain or other symptoms as well is a 10 relevant factor in evaluating the intensity and persistence of symptoms. 20 C.F.R. 11 §§ 404.1529 (c)(3)(iv)-(v), 416.929(c)(3)(iv)-(v). Claims about disabling pain are 12 undermined by favorable response to conservative treatment. Tommasetti v. Astrue, — 13 — 533 F.3d 1035, 1039-1040 (9th Cir. 2008); see also Parra v. Astrue, 481 F.3d 742 , 14 750–51 (9th Cir. 2007) (finding “evidence of ‘conservative treatment’ is sufficient to 15 discount a claimant’s testimony regarding severity of an impairment”); see also 16 Meanel v. Apfel, 172 F.3d 1111, 1114 (9th Cir. 1999) (rejecting subjective pain 17 complaints where petitioner’s “claim that she experienced pain approaching the 18 highest level imaginable was inconsistent with the ‘minimal, conservative treatment’ 19 that she received”). 20 The ALJ noted that in November 2016, Plaintiff reported her headaches were 21 controlled with Advil, amitriptyline, and rest. Tr. 21, 625. She requested and was 1 prescribed progesterone, which had helped with headaches in the past. Tr. 625-26. 2 In May 2021, it was noted that Plaintiff’s headaches were stable on amitriptyline. 3 Tr. 772. Amitriptyline was increased to accommodate reports of more frequent 4 headaches. Tr. 772. The ALJ also noted the record reflects no evidence of regular 5 treatment with a neurologist and no evidence of emergency room visits for 6 headaches. Tr. 21. On this basis, the ALJ reasonably concluded that Plaintiff 7 received conservative treatment. 8 Plaintiff suggests the ALJ erred because she was seen by a neurologist in 2015 9 and 2016. ECF No. 11 at 9 (citing Tr. 625, 641, 645). The records cited by Plaintiff 10 are primary care treatment notes which reference neurology referrals. Tr. 624 11 (1/22/17 – requesting referral to different neurologist), 641 (12/15/15 - “neurology 12 appointment is pending”), 645 (12/8/15 – “Referred to Neurology”). The ALJ 13 accurately observed that there are no ongoing neurology treatment records in the 14 case file. Tr. 21. Plaintiff herself notes that “[b]ecause her headaches were 15 generally responsive to amitriptyline” there was no need for further neurological 16 consultation, ECF No. 11 at 10, which actually supports the ALJ’s point that 17 Plaintiff’s headaches responded to conservative treatment. Plaintiff also asserts that 18 she would not need to go to the hospital unless she was experiencing a different kind 19 of headache “or if they became intractable.” ECF No. 11 at 10. This also supports 20 the ALJ’s conclusion regarding conservative treatment. Plaintiff essentially argues 21 that her response to conservative treatment is not inconsistent with her allegations. 1 ECF No. 11 at 10. However, the ALJ’s interpretation of the record is reasonable, 2 and this is a clear and convincing reason supported by substantial evidence. 3 Plaintiff additionally argues the ALJ should have conducted further inquiry at 4 the hearing with “questions about why Plaintiff had not sought more aggressive 5 treatment.” ECF No. 11 at 16. In Social Security cases, the ALJ has a special duty 6 to develop the record fully and fairly and to ensure that the claimant’s interests are 7 considered, even when the claimant is represented by counsel. Tonapetyan v. 8 Halter, 242 F.3d 1144, 1150 (9th Cir. 2001). The duty to develop the record is 9 triggered only when there is ambiguous evidence or when the record is inadequate to 10 allow for proper evaluation of the evidence. Id. Plaintiff notes her counsel “elicited 11 testimony about the frequency, duration, and steps she took to deal with [her 12 headaches].” ECF No. 11 at 16. In this case, the record before the ALJ was neither 13 ambiguous nor inadequate to allow for proper evaluation of the evidence. See 14 Mayes v. Massanari, 276 F.3d 453, 460 (9th Cir. 2001). 15 Second, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s allegations of disabling headaches are 16 inconsistent with her contemporaneous reports to providers. Tr. 21. The ALJ noted 17 that Plaintiff alleged headaches occurring four to five days per week, and that her 18 mother submitted a statement that Plaintiff’s headaches significantly interfere with 19 her activities of daily living. Tr. 20, 319-21, 333-35. The ALJ noted that in 20 November 2016, Plaintiff reported one to two headaches per week and described 21 them as “mild migraines.” Tr. 21, 625. In May 2021, Plaintiff reported chronic 1 intermittent headaches “for years” and it was noted that she was stable on 2 amitriptyline. Tr. 21, 772. 3 Plaintiff argues the record demonstrates that she was experiencing headaches 4 and migraines that impacted her functioning more frequently over time, despite her 5 medications. ECF No. 11 at 7. She cites records from 2015, 2016, and 2017 which 6 show that after complaining of headaches in December 2015, Tr. 644, she was 7 referred to neurology, started taking 100 mg of amitriptyline, and reported that her 8 migraines had “completely resolved” in April 2016. Tr. 636. In November 2016 9 she reported “mild migraines” which were “controlled” with medication. Tr. 625. 10 In January 2017, Plaintiff had ongoing non-migraine headaches 1-2 times per week, 11 which were improved with medication. Tr. 623. Plaintiff also cites an August 2018 12 office visit record noting Plaintiff reported she is unable to work at computers due to 13 chronic intermittent headaches, Tr. 471, and an October 2019 counseling record 14 noting Plaintiff “get[s] migraines from [her husband’] alarm clocks,” Tr. 533. None 15 of these records contradict the ALJ’s finding; rather, they seem to support the 16 conclusion that her headaches are not as severe as alleged. 17 Plaintiff also cites an October 2020 record indicating that she reported to her 18 mental health counselor an “increase in headaches” as well as an “increase in 19 activity,” Tr. 706, and in March and April 2021 she reported to her mental health 20 counselor “headaches almost every day” and “increased” migraines. Tr. 802, 804. 21 As noted supra, in May 2021, Plaintiff’s amitriptyline was increased from 100 to 1 150 mg due to her complaints of more frequent headaches, but she was noted to be 2 stable on that medication. Tr. 772. In all, the ALJ’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s 3 allegations are inconsistent with her reports to medical providers is supported by the 4 record. Even if the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, 5 it is the ALJ’s conclusion that must be upheld. Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676 , 6 679 (9th Cir. 2005) (citing Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035 , 1039–40 (9th 7 Cir.1995)). Plaintiff has not demonstrated any error, and this is a clear and 8 convincing reason. 9 Third, the ALJ found Plaintiff’s allegations of disabling pain and limitations 10 are inconsistent with her reported activities. Tr. 22. It is reasonable for an ALJ to 11 consider a claimant’s activities which undermine claims of totally disabling pain in 12 making the credibility determination. See Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853 , 857 13 (9th Cir. 2001). The ALJ noted that in August 2019, Plaintiff reported progress in 14 walking uphill to get home and driving a snowmobile despite her anxiety, and was 15 trying to accomplish small sewing projects. Tr. 22, 810. Plaintiff told her counselor 16 in July 2020 she was being more active by going outside, walking more, and that she 17 got some exercise videos. Tr. 22, 718. In August 2020, Plaintiff reported increased 18 physical activity and appeared to be benefiting from community connections. Tr. 19 22-23, 711. In November 2020, Plaintiff reported positive impact from a trip to 20 Wenatchee and time with a friend. Tr. 23, 701. — 21 — 1 Plaintiff argues the activities cited by the ALJ do not undermine her 2 allegations about migraines. ECF No. 11 at 13-14. Defendant does not respond to 3 this argument. ECF No 12 at 7-11. Plaintiff is correct that her headache allegations 4 do not necessarily conflict with the activities cited by the ALJ. This is not a clear 5 and convincing reason supported by substantial evidence with regard to Plaintiff’s 6 headache allegations. However, the ALJ provided other clear and convincing 7 reasons supported by substantial evidence and therefore any error in this regard is 8 harmless. See Carmickle v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155 , 1162-63 9 (9th Cir. 2008). 10 B. Step Five 11 Plaintiff contends the ALJ erred at step five because the finding that there are 12 jobs available that Plaintiff can perform was based on an incomplete hypothetical. 13 ECF No. 10 at 20-21. The ALJ’s hypothetical must be based on medical 14 assumptions supported by substantial evidence in the record which reflect all of a 15 claimant’s limitations. Osenbrook v. Apfel, 240 F.3D 1157, 1165 (9th Cir. 2001). 16 The hypothetical should be “accurate, detailed, and supported by the medical 17 record.” Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1101 . The ALJ is not bound to accept as true the 18 restrictions presented in a hypothetical question propounded by a claimant’s counsel. 19 Osenbrook, 240 F.3d at 1164; Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 756-57 (9th Cir. 20 1989); Martinez v. Heckler, 807 F.2d 771, 773 (9th Cir. 1986). The ALJ is free to 21 accept or reject these restrictions as long as they are supported by substantial 1 evidence, even when there is conflicting medical evidence. Magallanes, 881 F.2d at 2 id. 3 Plaintiff’s argument assumes the ALJ erred in considering Plaintiff’s 4 allegations. As discussed throughout this decision, the ALJ’s findings were legally 5 sufficient. Additionally, Plaintiff states in passing that the ALJ erred “by extension” 6 in evaluating lay witness statements about the impact of her migraines on 7 functioning. ECF No. 14 at 16. The Court will “review only issues that are argued 8 specifically and distinctly.” Indep. Towers of Wash. v. Washington, 350 F.3d 925 , 9 929 (9th Cir.2003) (quoting Greenwood v. Fed. Aviation Admin., 28 F.3d 971 , 977 10 (9th Cir. 1994)). When a claim of error is not argued and explained, the argument is 11 waived. See Indep. Towers, 350 F.3d. at 929–30 (holding that party’s argument was 12 waived because the party made only a “bold assertion” of error, with “little if any 13 analysis to assist the court in evaluating its legal challenge”). In this case, the ALJ 14 made findings with respect to the lay witness statements, Tr. 26, which were not 15 addressed by Plaintiff. 16 Similarly, Plaintiff asserts in passing that “none of the medical sources 17 addressed the impact [migraines] would have on her ability to attend work on a 18 regular and continuing basis.” ECF No. 11 at 14. First, Plaintiff did not challenge 19 the ALJ’s consideration of the medical opinion evidence, so if Plaintiff suggests the 20 ALJ erred in that regard, the argument is waived. Second, Plaintiff is incorrect 21 because the reviewing physicians, Drs. Olivares and Alto, whose opinions were 1 found to be persuasive by the ALJ, considered the record and Plaintiff’s headache 2 allegations yet found her capable of maintaining attendance and completing a normal 3 workday and workweek.3 Tr. 24, 84, 90, 116, 122. Third, Plaintiff did not report 4 headaches or migraines to Dr. Ellingson, the consultative physician. Tr. 512-16. Dr. 5 Ellingson noted migraines appeared in the records she reviewed but after examining 6 Plaintiff, she assessed no limitations on attendance or in the ability to complete a 7 workday or workweek. Tr. 512-516. Plaintiff’s complaint that her headaches were 8 not adequately considered in the medical opinions evidence is based on her own lack 9 of reporting, which lends support to the ALJ’s other findings. 10 The hypothetical contained the limitations the ALJ found credible and 11 supported by substantial evidence in the record. The ALJ’s reliance on testimony the 12 VE gave in response to the hypothetical was therefore proper. See Magallanes, 881 13 F.2d at 756-57; Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F. 3d 1211, 1217-18 (9th Cir. 2005). — 14 — — 15 — 3 It is also noted that Nancy Thompson, ARNP, referenced migraines and — 16 — headaches in her August 2018 opinion. Tr. 569-70. She found Plaintiff capable of — 17 — sedentary work which includes the capability of “sustaining the work level over a — 18 — normal workday and workweek” on an ongoing basis. Tr. 570. However, the ALJ — 19 — found the opinion unpersuasive, Tr. 25-26, and that finding is not challenged by — 20 — Plaintiff. — 21 — 1 CONCLUSION 2 Having reviewed the record and the ALJ’s findings, this Court concludes the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and free of harmful legal error. 4 Accordingly, 5 1. Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 11, is DENIED. 6 2. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 12, is 7 GRANTED. 8 IT IS SO ORDERED. The District Court Clerk is directed to enter this Order and provide copies to counsel. Judgment shall be entered for Defendant and the file shall be CLOSED. 11 DATED March 21, 2024. 13 —s rae eto Senior United States District Judge — 14 — — 15 — — 16 — — 17 — — 18 — — 19 — — 20 — — 21 — OARNER _I*N