Hunting v. American Family Mutual Insurance Company

1 HONORABLE RONALD B. LEIGHTON [6] UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON [7] AT TACOMA [8] JAMI HUNTING, an individual, CASE NO. 3:19-cv-05783-RBL [9] Plaintiff, ORDER ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION 10 v. FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT 11 AMERICAN FAMILY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, a foreign DKT. # 10 12 insurance company, 13 Defendant. [14] INTRODUCTION [15] THIS MATTER is before the Court on Defendant American Family Mutual Insurance [16] Company’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. Dkt. # 10. After terminating the tenancy at [17] her Puyallup property, Plaintiff Jami Hunting alleges that the outgoing tenants damaged and [18] vandalized the property to a degree beyond normal wear and tear. When she presented her claim [19] to American Family, Hunting claims that they unreasonably investigated and valued her claim. [20] American Family now moves to dismiss Hunting’s breach of contract claim based on her failure [21] to file within the policy’s 2-year suit limitations period, which ended on or around May 3, 2019. [22] Hunting concedes that she sued after the policy’s limitations period had ended but argues that [24] 1 American Family should be equitably estopped from asserting this defense based on its actions. 2 After considering these arguments, the Court DENIES American Family’s Motion. 3 BACKGROUND 4 After deciding to rent out her Puyallup property in 2014, Hunting obtained a commercial 5 rental insurance policy from American Family. Hunting Dec., Dkt. # 16, at 1. Hunting began 6 leasing the property to a family but terminated the lease in April 2017. Id. at 2. Upon inspecting 7 the property on May 3, 2017, Hunting discovered what she considered to be substantial damage 8 that amounted to vandalism, likely in retribution for terminating the lease. Id. 9 Hunting submitted a claim to American Family but was disappointed when the company 10 viewed most of the damage as uncovered. Id.; see also Initial Claim, Dkt. # 18, Ex. 1; Estimate, 11 Dkt. # 18, Ex. 4.1 Hunting continued attempting to negotiate. Id. On July 28, 2017, Hunting 12 claims she spoke with an American Family agent named Ellysa Funk, who informed her there 13 was “no statute of limitations on a claim” and no “timeframe before a claim closes.” Id. 14 Finding little success on her own, Hunting retained public adjuster Casualty Loss 15 Consultants, Inc. (CLC) in November 2018 to assist with her negotiations. Hunting Dec. at 3. 16 After it was retained, CLC sent a fax to American Family announcing its representation of 17 Hunting and requesting that all future communications be sent to CLC’s office. Dkt. # 18, Ex. 5. 18 On January 3, 2019, American Family sent CLC a letter stating the following: [21] 1 Hunting argues that American Family’s evidence is not properly authenticated and therefore [22] inadmissible. But with its Reply, American Family re-submitted its evidence attached to a declaration by Erik Boe, a Commercial Farm/Ranch Claim Field Adjuster for American Family. [23] Dkt. # 18. The Court is satisfied that Boe has sufficient personal knowledge to authenticate these documents. [24] | We are advising you of the following language within your client's insurance policy: 2 E, Property Loss Conditions 4, Legal Action Against Us No one may bring a legal action against us under this insurance unless: 3 a. There has been full compliance with all of the terms of this insurance; and b. The action is brought within 2 years after the date on which the direct physical loss or damage occurred, [4] 5 || Dkt. # 18, Ex. 6. 6 On January 24, 2019, CLC contacted American Family reiterating Hunting’s position and 7 || notifying American Family that CLC would submit a claim with proof of loss within the next 8 || few days. Dkt. # 18, Ex. 7. This was ultimately provided to American Family and supported 9 || damage in the amount of $98,470.32. Hunting Dec. at 3. CLC’s January letter also requested that 10 || American Family provide a “timely position regarding coverage of this entire matter” so that 11 || Hunting could proceed with legal action if necessary. Dkt. # 18, Ex. 7. 12 American Family responded on February 6 by re-explaining its reasons for not providing 13 || payment. Dkt. # 18, Ex. 8. The letter closed by requesting that CLC arrange a reinspection. Jd. 14 || However, this reinspection was fruitless and on March 5 American Family re-stated its previous 15 || position that the damage from vandalism totaled just $1,879.94, which was below Hunting’s 16 || $2,500.00 deductible. Dkt. # 18, Ex. 9. American Family’s letter concluded by stating that the 17 || company “continues to reserve any and all rights and defenses which now exist or may arise in 18 || the future” and that “[n]o waiver of estoppel of any kind is intended nor may be inferred.” Id. 19 Despite the position expressed in this letter, CLC President Jack Thomas states that, 20 || “through spring of 2019, [he] continued to approach [American Family] with adjusting the 21 || Hunting claim further, including a letter dated May 1, 2019.” Thomas Dec., Dkt. # 15, at 2. After 22 || sending this letter, Thomas continued communicating with an American Family adjuster through 23 || June 2019 and was informed that another reinspection and reassessment would occur if Hunting 24 || could supply a more accurate loss date. Jd. Thomas conveyed Hunting’s statement that 90% of 1 the damage occurred in the weeks before the tenants moved out, and the adjuster informed 2 Thomas that he would “speak with management and recommend that the company cover the 3 entire loss.” Id. at 3. This adjuster fell out of contact with Thomas thereafter and apparently did 4 not obtain coverage for Hunting’s loss. Id. Hunting initiated this lawsuit on July 26, 2019. 5 Dkt. # 1-2. 6 DISCUSSION 7 1. Summary Judgment Standard 8 Summary judgment is proper “if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on 9 file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the 10 movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). In determining whether 11 an issue of fact exists, the Court must view all evidence in the light most favorable to the 12 nonmoving party and draw all reasonable inferences in that party’s favor. Anderson Liberty 13 Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248-50 (1986) (emphasis added); Bagdadi v. Nazar, 84 F.3d 1194 , 14 1197 (9th Cir. 1996). A genuine issue of material fact exists where there is sufficient evidence 15 for a reasonable factfinder to find for the nonmoving party. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248 . The 16 inquiry is “whether the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a 17 jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law.” Id. at 251-52 . 18 2. Equitable Estoppel 19 Washington law allows an insurance company to limit the period within which an action 20 under the policy may be brought to something less than the statutory six-year period. 21 Graingrowers Warehouse Co. v. Cent. Nat. Ins. Co. of Omaha, Neb., 711 F. Supp. 1040 , 1043 22 (E.D. Wash. 1989) (citing Hefner v. Great American Ins. Co., 126 Wash. 390 , 218 P. 206 (1923); 23 Ashburn v. Safeco Ins. Co. of America, 42 Wash. App. 692, 695 (1986)). Here, the policy’s suit [24] 1 limitations period is “2 years after the date on which the direct physical loss or damage 2 occurred.” Dkt. # 18, Ex. 10. Hunting does not deny that this provision would normally be 3 enforceable and the period in her case ended on or around May 3, 2019. Hunting sued about two 4 months after that, which would be grounds for dismissing her breach of contract claim. 5 However, Hunting does contend that American Family is equitably estopped from 6 asserting this defense. “The elements of equitable estoppel are: (1) an act that is inconsistent with 7 a later claim; (2) another party’s reasonable reliance on the act; and (3) injury to the other party 8 that would result if the first party is permitted to repudiate the earlier act.” Taylor v. Allstate Ins. 9 Grp., No. 2:15-CV-00030-SAB, 2015 WL 2083453 , at *3 (E.D. Wash. May 5, 2015) (citing 10 Dombrosky v. Farmer Ins. Co. of Wash., 84 Wash. App. 245, 256 (1996)). “In general, the 11 estoppel analysis involves issues of fact.” Chong v. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am., No. C05-0974RSM, [12] 2006 WL 1169788 , at *5 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 27, 2006) (citing Litz v. Pierce Cty., 44 Wash. App. 13 674, 683 (1986)). 14 Courts in Washington have held that an insurer was estopped from asserting a contractual 15 limitations period defense where the insured continued to negotiate with the insured and failed to 16 conclusively decide the claim. In Chong v. Safeco Insurance Co. of America, for example, the 17 court explained that the insured was getting “mixed signals” because the insurer’s 18 communications stated that it was continuing to investigate and had not denied the claim but also 19 reserved all its rights under the policy. 2006 WL 1169788 , at *5. Many of these communications 20 came after the policy limitations period had run, and the court determined that the insured was 21 “justified in believing that defendant would continue to investigate their claim, and continue to 22 work towards settlement, without requiring them to file suit.” Id. at *5-6. [24] 1 In Dickson v. U.S. Fidelity & Guaranty Co., the insurer delayed in reaching a final 2 decision on the claim until after the policy’s limitations period had run. 77 Wash. 2d 785 , 788 3 (1970). Because of the insurer’s representations that its rejection of the claim was not final, the 4 court concluded that the insured was justified in holding out in hopes of a settlement and not 5 filing suit. Id.; see also David v. Oakland Home Ins. Co., 11 Wash. 181, 185 (1895) (“So long as 6 the insured was thus given the right to suppose that the question of adjustment was an open one, 7 he had the right to assume that the condition of the policy as to the time for the commencement 8 of an action thereon had been waived by the company.”). 9 Here, Hunting argues that the Court should hold that American Family is estopped based 10 on Ellysa Funk’s statement that there was “no statute of limitations on a claim” and American 11 Family’s continued negotiations with CLC past the end of the limitations period. Alternatively, 12 Hunting asks the Court to defer deciding American Family’s Motion under Rule 56(d) until 13 Hunting has had time to complete discovery into the company’s claim file and depose its 14 employees. American Family argues that equitable estoppel does not apply because it never 15 waived its policy’s suit limitations period, which CLC was notified of in January 2019. 16 American Family also points out that it never denied Hunting’s claim and contests the relevance 17 of any supposed statement by Funk. 18 The Court is not persuaded that, even if Funk made the statement that Hunting claims, it 19 would make any difference for estoppel. Hunting states that Funk told her there was no 20 limitations on filing a claim in July of 2017, but American Family contacted CLC in January 21 2019 explicitly informing them about the policy’s suit limitation period. Perhaps Hunting could 22 have reasonably relied on Funk’s statement before, but she could not have after January 2019. [24] 1 However, CLC President Thomas’s assertion that he continued negotiating with an 2 American Family adjuster into June 2019 supports estoppel. According to Thomas, American 3 Family gave the impression that Hunting could recover for the full extent of damage to her 4 property but then simply fell out of contact. If this is accurate, Hunting would be justified in 5 believing that settlement was imminent and she was not required to file suit within the 6 limitations period. American Family argues that its January 2019 letter alerting CLC of the 7 limitations period adequately put Hunting on notice and rules out estoppel. But CLC and 8 Hunting’s knowledge of the limitations provision is not incompatible with a reasonable belief 9 that the provision would not take effect while negotiations were ongoing. Indeed, there is no 10 evidence of American Family reserving its rights or bringing up the suit limitations period after 11 March 5, much less May 3.2 12 American Family does contend that its March 5 letter “essentially resolved” Hunting’s 13 claim. Reply, Dkt. # 17, at 4. But the letter itself does not purport to be a final decision or rule 14 out the possibility of continued negotiations. There may be other post-March 5 communications 15 to this effect, but American Family does not present them here. There are therefore genuine 16 issues of material fact regarding whether American Family is equitably estopped from asserting 17 its policy’s suit limitations period. [19] 2 American Family also tries to rely on its compliance with WAC 284-30-380, which provides that “Insurers must not continue negotiations for settlement of a claim directly with a claimant [20] who is neither an attorney nor represented by an attorney until the claimant’s rights may be affected by a statute of limitations or a policy or contract time limit, without giving the claimant [21] written notice that the time limit may be expiring and may affect the claimant’s rights. This notice must be given to first party claimants thirty days and to third party claimants sixty days [22] before the date on which any time limit may expire.” But while WAC 284-30-380 can support a claim under the Washington Consumer Protection Act, it says nothing about equitable estoppel. [23] See Hayden v. Mut. of Enumclaw Ins. Co., 141 Wash. 2d 55, 63 (2000). American Family does not explain how its compliance with WAC 284-30-380 somehow preclude equitable estoppel. [24] 1 CONCLUSION 2 American Family’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is DENIED. 3 IT IS SO ORDERED. [4] 5 Dated this 29th day of April, 2020. 6 A [7] Ronald B. Leighton 8 United States District Judge