Robinson v. Gonzalez

[3] 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA [6] 7 DAVID ROBINSON, Case No. 24-cv-06247-TSH 8 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING WITHOUT 9 v. PREJUDICE MOTION FOR ALTERNATIVE SERVICE 10 IZTACCUAUHTLI GONZALEZ, et al., Re: Dkt. No. 11 11 Defendants. [12] 13 I. INTRODUCTION 14 Plaintiff David Robinson seeks leave to serve Defendant Iztaccuauhtli Gonzalez dba 15 Farmers Insurance by publication. ECF No. 11. No opposition has been received. The Court 16 finds this matter suitable for disposition without oral argument. See Civ. L.R. 7-1(b). Having 17 considered Plaintiff’s request, the Court DENIES his motion WITHOUT PREJUDICE for the 18 following reasons. 19 II. BACKGROUND 20 Plaintiff is a California resident with physical disabilities who requires a wheelchair for 21 mobility. Compl. ¶¶ 3, 10, 12, ECF No. 1. On May 21, 2024, he went to Farmers Insurance, 22 located at 3018 Railroad Avenue in Pittsburg, California, to inquire about insurance for his home 23 and possibly his cars. Id. ¶¶ 1, 17. Defendants Iztaccuauhtli Gonzalez, Jill Stern-Henderson, and 24 Steven H. Henderson owned, managed, operated, and/or were otherwise responsible for the 25 property. Id. ¶¶ 4-6. On the date of his visit, Plaintiff found the property’s accessible parking 26 spaces lacked required signage and pavement markings and lacked a van-accessible access aisle. 27 Id. ¶ 18. Plaintiff also alleges the asphalt underneath the parking is severely damaged and 1 Plaintiff filed this case on September 4, 2024, seeking injunctive relief under the 2 Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101 , et seq., and statutory damages under the 3 Unruh Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code §§ 51-53 . Compl. ¶¶ 26-55. Three months later, as there 4 was no indication Defendants had been served, the Court ordered Plaintiff to file a status report. 5 ECF No. 8. 6 On December 17 Plaintiff responded that he had been unable to effectuate service of 7 process on any of three defendants. ECF No. 9. The first round of service resulted in non-service 8 reports for all three defendants, with the process server reporting that the business locations for the 9 respective defendants were closed and appeared to be non-operational. Id. After the first round of 10 service failed, Plaintiff sent all three defendants service waivers by mail on September 16, 2024, 11 but no defendant returned a service waiver. Id. None of the packages were returned by the post 12 office as undeliverable. Id. Plaintiff subsequently located a home address for Gonzalez in 13 Pittsburg, California, to which he dispatched another process server starting on October 30, but 14 after five attempts, the process server was unable to serve Gonzalez at this address. Id. Plaintiff 15 stated he would need to consult with his process server to determine whether there are any other 16 addresses at which the defendants could be served, or whether to request authorization to 17 effectuate service by alternative means. Id. On December 17 the Court directed Plaintiff to file an 18 updated status report or motion for alternative service by January 16, 2025. ECF No. 10. 19 Plaintiff filed the present motion on January 15, 2025, seeking to serve Gonzalez through 20 publication of summons in the East Bay Times, a newspaper of general circulation.1 21 III. LEGAL STANDARD 22 Service upon an individual defendant in a judicial district of the United States may be 23 effected pursuant to the state law where the district court is located or where service is made. Fed. 24 R. Civ. P. 4(e)(1). Under California law, service by publication is permissible when: 25 (a) A summons may be served by publication if upon affidavit it appears to the satisfaction of the court in which the action is pending 26 that the party to be served cannot with reasonable diligence be served in another manner specified in this article and that either: [27] 1 (1) A cause of action exists against the party upon whom service is to be made or he or she is a necessary or proper party to the action. [2] Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.50 (a). The key inquiry is whether a defendant cannot with “reasonable [3] diligence” be served by another available method. Felix v. Anderson, 2015 WL 545483 , at *2 [4] (N.D. Cal. Feb. 9, 2015). [5] To determine whether a plaintiff has exercised reasonable diligence, a court must examine [6] the affidavit to see whether the plaintiff “took those steps a reasonable person who truly desired to [7] give notice would have taken under the circumstances.” Donel, Inc. v. Badalian, 87 Cal. App. 3d 8 327, 333 (1978). Reasonable diligence “denotes a thorough, systematic investigation and inquiry [9] conducted in good faith by the party or his agent or attorney.” Watts v. Crawford, 10 Cal. 4th 743 , [10] 749 n.5 (1995) (citation omitted). [11] Because of due process concerns, service by publication should be allowed only “as a last [12] resort.” Donel, 87 Cal. App. 3d at 333. That a plaintiff has taken one or a few reasonable steps [13] does not necessarily mean that “all myriad of other avenues” have been properly exhausted to [14] warrant service by publication. Id. But a plaintiff will generally satisfy his burden through “[a] [15] number of honest attempts to learn defendant’s whereabouts or his address by inquiry of relatives, [16] friends, and acquaintances, or of his employer, and by investigation of appropriate city and [17] telephone directories, the voters’ register, and the real and personal property index in the [18] assessor’s office, near the defendant’s last known location[.] Kott v. Superior Ct., 45 Cal. App. 19 4th 1126, 1137 (1996). “These are likely sources of information, and consequently must be [20] searched before resorting to service by publication.” Id. [21] If a party can show reasonable diligence, they must also show that a “cause of action exists [22] against the party upon whom service is to be made or he or she is a necessary or proper party to [23] the action.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 415.50 (a)(1). The party must offer “independent evidentiary [24] support, in the form of a sworn statement of facts, for the existence of a cause of action against the [25] defendant.” Cummings v. Brantley Hale, 2016 WL 4762208 , at *2 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 13, 2016) [26] (citing McNamara v. Sher, 2012 WL 760531 , at *4 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 8, 2012)); see also Zhang v. [27] Tse, 2012 WL 3583036 , at *3 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 20, 2012) (collecting cases). 1 IV. DISCUSSION 2 A. Reasonable Diligence 3 Although service by publication is a method of last resort, the Court is satisfied that 4 Plaintiff is unable to serve Gonzalez, despite reasonable diligence. Specifically, on September 9, 5 2024, Plaintiff’s counsel asked One Legal to serve each of the Defendants in this lawsuit. Morin 6 Decl. ¶ 2, ECF No. 11-2. One Legal attempted to serve Gonzalez at his business address, 3024 7 Railroad Avenue in Pittsburg, California, but was unsuccessful after five attempts. Id. ¶ 3 & Ex. 1 8 (Non Service Report). On September 16, 2024, counsel mailed a package to Gonzalez at the 9 Railroad Avenue address that consisted of the summons, complaint, a postage prepaid return 10 envelope, and a completed “Notice of a Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of a Summons” 11 (form AO 398) and two copies of “Waiver of the Service of Summons” (form AO 399). Id. ¶ 4 . 12 As of the date of Plaintiff’s motion, Gonzalez had not returned a signed service waiver, and the 13 United States Post Office had not returned the service waiver package as undeliverable. Id. ¶¶ 5-6 . 14 After service was unsuccessful, counsel researched other possible addresses for Gonzalez 15 and located a residential address, 2139 Shadow Court in Pittsburg, California. Id. ¶ 7 . Using a 16 title search program, counsel confirmed that Gonzalez’s name appears on the title to that home. [17] Id. On October 26 counsel dispatched One Hour Process Service to the Shadow Court address 18 with instructions to serve Gonzalez, but after five attempts, the process server was unable to serve 19 him. Id. ¶¶ 7-8 & Ex. 2 (Non Service Report). Counsel has been unable to find any other good 20 addresses for Gonzalez. Id. ¶ 9 . 21 It appears Plaintiff is unable to serve Gonzalez by personal service or mail. While it is 22 conceivable that Plaintiff could effect service through continued efforts, “the standard requires 23 reasonable diligence, not exhaustive efforts to leave no stone unturned.” Cummings, 2016 WL 24 4762208, at *2. Under these circumstances, the Court finds Plaintiff has adequately taken ‘‘those 25 steps which a reasonable person who truly desired to give notice would have taken under the 26 circumstances.’’ Donel, 87 Cal. App. 3d at 333. 27 B. Cause of Action 1 locate and serve Gonzalez, he has not offered any “‘independent evidentiary support, in the form of 2 a sworn statement of facts, for the existence of a cause of action against the defendant.’’ 3 Cummings, 2016 WL 4762208 , at *3 (emphasis in original). Although Plaintiff argues in his 4 motion that he has demonstrated a cause of action, Mot. at 2-3, “[uJnder California law, service by 5 publication is neither appropriate nor valid without such an affidavit.” Jd. (citing McNamara, [6] 2012 WL 760531 , at *4); see also Harris v. Cavasso, 68 Cal. App. 3d 723, 726 (1977) (The 7 statute ‘‘on its face permits such showing to be made only by affidavit.”; setting aside a judgment 8 where service by publication had been based on facts presented in a verified complaint rather than 9 an affidavit). Plaintiffs motion is therefore DENIED without prejudice to a renewed motion 10 || properly supported by an affidavit. 11 Vv. CONCLUSION 12 Plaintiff's motion for service by publication is DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE for 5 13 || failure to provide an affidavit of facts evincing a cause of action against Gonzalez. Plaintiff may 14 || file a renewed motion for service by publication, which may incorporate by reference his previous 3 15 filings demonstrating diligence. a 16 IT IS SO ORDERED. S 18 Dated: February 3, 2025 19 AN. Lj, — THOMAS S. HIXSON 20 United States Magistrate Judge