SMITH v. CLARK

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA ERIE DIVISION 1:22-CV-00220-RAL WAYNE N. SMITH, JR., ) Petitioner RICHARD A. LANZILLO ) Chief United States Magistrate Judge Vv. ) THE COMMONWEALTH OF MEMORANDUM OPINION ON PENNSYLVANIA BOARD OF ) PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS PROBATION AND PAROLE, ) CORPUS Respondent ) ECF NO. 1 1. Introduction This matter is before the Court for consideration of the Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus filed by Petitioner Wayne N. Smith, Jr. Smith” or “Petitioner”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 , as amended by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (‘AEDPA”). ECF No. 1. Smith is challenging the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole’s (“Board”) recalculation of his maximum sentence date following his arrest while on parole. /d. For the following reasons, Smith’s Petition will be denied and no certificate of appealability will issue.’ Il. Background In 1994, Petitioner was sentenced in state court to a term of incarceration of nine to twenty years. ECF No. 4-1. His maximum sentence date was calculated as December 4, 2013. □□□ ! The parties have consented to the jurisdiction of the undersigned United States Magistrate Judge to conduct all proceedings in this case, including the entry of final judgment, as authorized by 28 U.S.C. § 636 . Following a series of parole violations, the Board eventually recalculated his maximum sentence date as September 19, 2026. ECF No. 10-1. On January 26, 2018, Petitioner was released on parole from his 1994 conviction. Jd. In 2021, Petitioner was arrested and charged with additional state crimes while still on parole. /d. Based on his arrest, the Board issued a decision on February 28, 2022, revoking Petitioner’s parole and recommitting him as a convicted parole violator. Jd. Because the Board declined to give Petitioner credit for the time that he spent at liberty on parole, his maximum sentence date was recalculated as April 18, 2030. Jd. Petitioner did not file an appeal of that decision. A. Analysis 1. Exhaustion As a general matter, a federal district court may not consider the merits of a habeas petition unless the petitioner has “exhausted the remedies available” in state court. See 28 US.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A); O'Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 842 (1999). A petitioner satisfies the exhaustion requirement “only if [he or she] can show that [they] fairly presented the federal claim at each level of the established state-court system for review.” Holloway v. Horn, 355 F.3d 707, 714 (3d Cir. 2004). The purpose of the exhaustion requirement is to “give the state courts a full and fair opportunity to resolve federal constitutional claims before those claims are presented to the federal courts ... by invoking one complete round of the State’s established appellate review process.” O'Sullivan, 526 U.S. at 845 . . An important corollary to the exhaustion requirement is the doctrine of procedural default. “Just as in those cases in which a state prisoner fails to exhaust state remedies, a habeas petitioner who has failed to meet the State’s procedural requirements for presenting his federal claims” has deprived the state courts of an opportunity to address the merits of those claims “in the first . instance.” Coleman y, Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731-32 (1991). Thus, when an applicant has failed to “fairly present” his claim to the state courts, and state procedural rules now bar him from doing so, the exhaustion requirement is deemed satisfied due to the lack of available state process, but the claims “are considered to be procedurally defaulted.” McKenzie v. Tice, 2020 WL 1330668 , at *5 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 23, 2020) (quoting McCandless v. Vaughn, 172 F.3d 255, 261 (3d Cir. 1999)). Such claims may not ordinarily be reviewed by a federal court. Davila v. Davis, 137 S. Ct. 2058, 2064 (2017) (“[A] federal court may not review federal claims that were procedurally defaulted in state court—that is, claims that the state court denied based on an adequate and independent state procedural rule.”) (citations omitted). Apropos to the instant case, Petitioner needed to do three things to properly exhaust his claims against the Board. First, Petitioner had to file a timely petition for administrative review of the Board’s decision. See 37 Pa. Code § 73.1 . Next, he needed to appeal that decision to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania in a timely manner. See 42 Pa. C.S. § 763(a). Finally, he needed to file a petition for allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court within thirty days of the Commonwealth Court’s decision. Pa. R.A.P. 1114. See also Williams v. Wynder, 232 Fed. Appx. 177, 179-80 (3d Cir. 2007) (holding that a party challenging the Board’s parole revocation decision is “required to exhaust his available state remedies by filing a petition for allowance of appeal in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court”). The record reflects that Petitioner took none of these steps. As such, Petitioner’ challenge to the Board’s parole revocation decision and calculation of his maximum sentence is procedurally defaulted and cannot be reviewed in this Court. See, €.8., Williams, 232 Fed. Appx. at 181 (“Mr. Williams . . . is time-barred under state law from seeking allocator to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, and his failure to seek allocator is an adequate and independent state ground barring federal review of his claims.”); Johnson v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 2020 WL 4925682 , at * (W.D. Pa. Aug. 21, 2020) (finding procedural default where parole violator failed to properly exhaust his challenge to the Board’s recalculation of his maximum sentence by filing a petition for allowance of appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court). 2. Merits Even if Petitioner’s claim had been properly exhausted, it is legally frivolous. Petitioner’s sole claim for relief challenges the Board’s authority to recalculate his maximum sentence after he was recommitted as a convicted parole violator. Relying on boilerplate language appearing in dozens of identical petitions filed in this Court in recent years, Petitioner claims that the Board’s statutorily delegated right to extend a parolee’s maximum sentence under 61 Pa. C.S. § 613 8(a)(2)* somehow conflicts with the Pennsylvania judiciary’s constitutionally established power to impose a criminal sentence under Article 5, section 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. See ECF No. 3 at 4. By recalculating his maximum sentence to reflect that he was not awarded credit towards his original sentence for time spent at liberty while on parole, Petitioner maintains that “the Board’s recalculation; moving of judicially imposed max dates are a violation of the principle of separation of power doctrine.” ECF No. 4 at p. 4. Petitioner appears to equate the denial of credit for time served on parole to an unlawful increase of his judicially mandated sentence. This precise claim has been uniformly rejected by courts in this Circuit. It is axiomatic that a federal court cannot entertain a habeas petition on any ground other than that the petitioner is “in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. This statute states that for convicted parole violators whose parole has been revoked, “the offender shall be recommitted to serve the remainder of the term which the offender would have been compelled to serve had the parole not been granted and, except as provided . .. , shall be given no credit for the time at liberty on parole.” Pa. C.S.A. § 6138(a)(2). § 2254(a) (emphasis added). Alleged violations of state law do not fall within the scope of § 2254(a) and, accordingly, are not cognizable in a federal habeas action. Estelle v. McGuire, 502 U.S. 62, 67-68 (1991); Reinert v. Larkins, 379 F.3d 76 , 94 n.4 (3d Cir. 2004) (“[W]e, as a federal court sitting in habeas jurisdiction, would not have the authority to review a violation of the state constitution.”). Petitioner’s challenge to the Board’s statutory authority to recalculate his maximum sentence under Pennsylvania law falls squarely into this category. See, e.g., Crosby v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 2024 WL 2941539 , at *2 (W.D. Pa. June 11, 2024) (argument that an inmate’s maximum sentence date cannot be recalculated by the Board under state law is not cognizable under § 2254); Coker v. Mason, 2021 WL 1853387 (E.D. Pa. May 10, 2021) (“[A] habeas petition is not an appropriate vehicle to challenge the reasonableness of a state court's application of state law.’”). See also U.S. ex rel. Heacock v. Myers, 367 F.2d 583 (3d Cir. 1966) (holding that the Circuit was “in complete accord” with the district court’s determination that “[n]o constitutional question is involved in the Parole Board’s failure to give relator credit for time on parole and its adjustment of the expiration date of his new maximum.”) (citing U.S. ex rel. Heacock v. Myers, 251 F.Supp. 773 (E.D. Pa. 1966)). 3 Even if Petitioner’s claim was cognizable, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court explicitly rejected it several decades ago in Young v. Com. Bd. of Prob, and Parole, 409 A.2d 843 (Pa. 1979). In Young, the court explained that the Board’s recalculation of a parole violator’s maximum sentence is not a modification of his judicially imposed sentence, but rather a requirement that he serve his entire original sentence. As such, the Board’s power to deny □ credit for “street time” is “not an encroachment upon the judicial sentencing power.” /d. at 848. Pennsylvania courts have repeatedly cited to and relied on Young to deny identical challenges brought by convicted parole violators. See Crosby, 2024 WL 2941539 , at *2 (citing Edmondson v. Pennsylvania Parole Bd., 2022 WL 2713204 , at *2 (Pa. Commw. Ct. July 13, 2022) (“It is well settled that the Parole Board does not violate the separation of powers doctrine when it recalculates a [convicted parole violator’s] maximum sentence date.”)). UI. Conclusion For each of these reasons, Petitioner’s claim is non-cognizable, procedurally defaulted, and legally meritless. His petition for writ of habeas corpus will be denied, with prejudice. IV. Certificate of Appealability The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 codified standards governing the issuance of a certificate of appealability for appellate review of a district court’s disposition of a habeas petition. It provides that “[uJnless a circuit justice or judge issues a certificate of appealability, an appeal may not be taken to the court of appeals from ... the final order in a habeas corpus proceeding in which the detention complained of arises out of process issued by a State court[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 2253 (c)(1)(A). It also provides that “[a] certificate of appealability may issue ... only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” Id. § 2253(c)(2). “When the district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the prisoner’s underlying constitutional claim, a [certificate of appealability] should issue when the prisoner shows, at least, that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). Applying that standard here, jurists of reason would not find it debatable whether Petitioner’s claims should be denied as untimely. Accordingly, no certificate of appealability will issue. DATED this 3" day of March, 2025. BY THE COURT: CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE .