Cruz v. Gutierrez

[5] 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA [8] 9 Bobby Cruz, No. CV-23-00570-TUC-AMM 10 Petitioner, ORDER 11 v. 12 M. Gutierrez, 13 Respondent. [14] 15 On August 19, 2024, Magistrate Judge Michael A. Ambri issued a Report and 16 Recommendation (“R&R”) recommending this Court deny Petitioner Bobby Cruz’s 28 17 U.S.C. § 2241 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus. (Doc. 19.) Petitioner filed an objection 18 to the R&R and Respondent filed a response. (Docs. 22, 25.) For the reasons discussed 19 below, the Court will overrule Petitioner’s objections and adopt the R&R. 20 A district court is not required to conduct “any review at all . . . of any issue that is 21 not the subject of an objection.” Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 149 (1985); see also 28 22 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1) (“A judge of the court shall make a de novo determination of those 23 portions of the report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to which 24 objection is made.”). “[T]he court need only satisfy itself that there is no clear error on the 25 face of the record in order to accept the recommendation.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b), Advisory 26 Committee Notes 1983 Addition. A district judge may “accept, reject, or modify, in whole 27 or in part, the findings or recommendations” of the magistrate judge. 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1). 28 The Magistrate Judge found that the Petition should be denied on its merits because 1 the sentencing court appropriately considered Petitioner’s financial resources in ordering 2 restitution pursuant to the Mandatory Victim Restitution Act (“MVRA”). (Doc. 19 at 3.) 3 The Magistrate Judge, therefore, concluded that the Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) is 4 collecting restitution in compliance with the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Ward v. Chavez, [5] 678 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2012). (Id. at 4.) Petitioner asserts that the sentencing court’s 6 restitution order does not authorize BOP to collect restitution payments pursuant to the 7 MVRA through the Inmate Financial Responsibility Program (“IFRP”). (Doc. 22 at 1.) 8 Petitioner reasons that the restitution order’s direction that payment be “due 9 immediately”—as applied in the Ninth Circuit—unlawfully delegates the sentencing 10 court’s responsibility in violation of Ward and the MVRA. (Id. at 4–6.) 11 Because the sentencing Court “assessed [Petitioner’s] ability to pay” before it 12 ordered that he begin “immediately” paying the $3,202.82 in restitution, with payments “at 13 least 10% of net monthly income,” the restitution order is lawful under the MVRA and 14 complies with Ward.1 18 U.S.C. § 3664 (f)(2) (the MVRA requires that the district court 15 “specify in the restitution order the manner in which, and the schedule according to which, 16 restitution is to be paid, in consideration of” the defendant’s financial circumstances); see 17 Ward, 678 F.3d at 1049–50 (a sentencing court does not unlawfully delegate its 18 responsibility in conflict with the MVRA when it “determines that the defendant’s financial 19 resources are sufficient such that periodic payments are unwarranted”). Since Petitioner [20] 1 The sentencing court’s finding that Petitioner did not have the ability to pay interest, and 21 its subsequent order that the interest requirement be waived, supports the conclusion that the sentencing court considered Petitioner’s ability to pay. (Doc. 1-2 at 27.) Further, under 22 the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the probation officer must prepare a presentence report and submit that report to the court before sentence is imposed. Fed. R. Crim. P. 23 32(c)(1)(A). If the law permits restitution, as it does here, the presentence report must contain “sufficient information for the court to order restitution[,]” including “information 24 relating to the economic circumstances of each defendant.” Id. at 32 (c)(1)(B); 18 U.S.C. § 3664 (a). Here, there is no evidence that the sentencing court deviated from the standard 25 procedure, and Petitioner did not assert that the sentencing court failed to consider his financial resources before imposing restitution. This Court may presume that the 26 sentencing court had information of Petitioner’s financial situation before sentencing and that the sentencing court considered that information when issuing the restitution order. 27 See United States v. Martin, 278 F.3d 988, 1006 (9th Cir. 2002), as amended on denial of reh’g (Mar. 13, 2002) (“The court had before it information regarding Defendant’s 28 financial resources that it presumably considered and found insufficient to warrant periodic payments.”). 1 || did not immediately pay the restitution amount, BOP is permissibly collecting restitution 2 || payments from Petitioner through the IFRP. See 28 C.F.R. § 545.10 (the BOP “encourages || each sentenced inmate to meet his or her legitimate financial obligations” through the 4|| IFRP). 5 The Court has reviewed the filings in this case, including the Petition (Doc. 1), 6 || Response (Doc. 14), Reply (Doc. 17), the R&R (Doc. 19), Petitioner’s Objection (Doc. 7\| 22), and Respondent’s Response (Doc. 25). Upon a de novo review, the Court agrees with 8 || the Magistrate Judge’s determination and legal findings and adopts the R&R. 9 Accordingly, 10 IT IS ORDERED that the Report and Recommendation is ADOPTED. (Doc. 19.) 11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus is 12 || DENIED. (Doc. 1.) The Clerk of Court shall enter judgment accordingly and close this || case. 14 Dated this 16th day of May, 2025. [15] 16 Daw uct 17 ~ Honorable Angela M. Martinez 18 United States District Judge [28] -3-