People v. McCaul (Patrick)

People v McCaul (2021 NY Slip Op 50222(U)) [*1] People v McCaul (Patrick) 2021 NY Slip Op 50222(U) [71 Misc 3d 126(A)] Decided on March 18, 2021 Appellate Term, Second Department Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431. This opinion is uncorrected and will not be published in the printed Official Reports. Decided on March 18, 2021 SUPREME COURT, APPELLATE TERM, SECOND DEPARTMENT, 9th and 10th JUDICIAL DISTRICTS PRESENT: : TERRY JANE RUDERMAN, P.J., JERRY GARGUILO, ELIZABETH H. EMERSON, JJ 2018-1778 D CR The People of the State of New York, Respondent, against Patrick McCaul, Appellant. Niall Macgiollabhui, for appellant. Dutchess County District Attorney (Kirsten A. Rappleyea of counsel), for respondent. Appeal from a judgment of the Justice Court of the Town of La Grange, Dutchess County (Michael G. Hayes, J.), rendered July 27, 2018. The judgment convicted defendant, upon his plea of guilty, of driving while intoxicated (common law), and imposed sentence. The appeal brings up for review an order of that court dated March 20, 2018, after a hearing, denying defendant's motion to suppress evidence. ORDERED that the judgment of conviction is affirmed. Defendant was charged with, among other things, driving while intoxicated (common law) (Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 [3]). Defense counsel moved to suppress the evidence on the ground, among others, that the search and seizure of defendant was unlawful. At a suppression hearing, Lieutenant Frank LaMonica testified that, while on patrol, at around 1:42 a.m., in the area of Freedom Plains Road, he observed a vehicle with its headlights on, parked at a gas station between two gas pumps, with the engine running. He found it odd for the vehicle to be at that location because the gas station was closed. As he drove by the vehicle, he saw that the driver was sitting behind the steering wheel with his head slumped forward. He went to "check on [the driver to] make sure everything was all right." He banged on the driver's side window, but there was no response. He opened the unlocked door and shook the driver. At that point, he detected the odor of an alcoholic beverage emanating from defendant's breath. Defendant was subsequently arrested. The Justice Court denied defendant's motion to suppress the evidence. Defendant thereafter pleaded guilty to the charge of driving while intoxicated (common law) in full satisfaction of the outstanding charges. On appeal, defendant contends that the police officer's act of opening the door to defendant's vehicle and leaning inside constituted an unlawful search, [*2]since there was no probable cause to do so. "Unlike stopping a moving vehicle, an approach [to] an occupied, stationary vehicle to request information, including identification and information related to the lawful operation of the vehicle, is permitted where there is 'an objective, credible reason' for doing so" (People v Stevenson, 149 AD3d 1271, 1272 [2017], quoting People v Ocasio, 85 NY2d 982, 984 [1995]). There is no clear definition as to what constitutes a sufficient "objective credible reason" to justify an initial approach to a legally parked automobile (see e.g. People v Wheeler, 2 NY3d 370, 374 [2004] ["whether police interference is reasonable requires a weighing of the government's interest against an individual's right to privacy and personal security"]). "Among other functions, the police [] are charged with the protection of constitutional rights, the maintenance of order, the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic, the mediation of domestic and other noncriminal conflicts and supplying emergency help and assistance" (People v De Bour, 40 NY2d 210, 218 [1976]). Here, there was no automobile stop but merely an approach to a vehicle, at 1:42 a.m., parked at a closed gas station. Lt. LaMonica's credible observations of defendant, who appeared to be asleep or passed out in the vehicle in the early morning hours with the vehicle's lights on and the engine running, provided an objective reason to exercise, if nothing else, his "public service function" pursuant to which the police have "wide latitude to approach people and ask for information" (People v Thomas, 19 AD3d 32, 39 [2005] [internal quotation marks omitted]), and to provide emergency help and assistance. When Lt. LaMonica repeatedly banged on the window of defendant's vehicle and defendant, who was either asleep or unconscious, did not respond, Lt. LaMonica was not engaged in his criminal law enforcement capacity when he opened the door of the vehicle to determine whether defendant was well and, if necessary, to provide assistance (see id.; People v Scire, 57 Misc 3d 157[A], 2017 NY Slip Op 51661[U] [App Term, 2d Dept, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2017]). Consequently, defendant's motion to suppress evidence was properly denied. Accordingly, the judgment of conviction is affirmed. RUDERMAN, P.J., GARGUILO and EMERSON, JJ., concur. ENTER: Paul Kenny Chief Clerk Decision Date: March 18, 2021