Charles William Coulter and wife, Donna Lee Coulter v. Richard Anthony Hendricks

I N THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

EASTERN SECTI ON FILED October 3, 1995

Cecil Crowson, Jr. Appellate C ourt Clerk CHARLES W LLI AM COULTER a nd I ) HAM LTON COUNTY I wi f e DONNA LEE COULTER ) 03A01- 9505- CH- 00150 ) Pl a i nt i f f s - Appe l l a nt s ) ) ) v. ) HON. HOWELL N. PEOPLES, ) CHANCELLOR ) RI CHARD ANTHONY HENDRI CKS ) ) De f e nda nt - Appe l l e e ) AFFI RMED AND REMANDED

W GERALD TI DW . ELL, J R. , OF CHATTANOOGA FOR APPELLANTS

WADE K. CANNON a nd TERRY ATKI N CAVETT OF CHATTANOOGA FOR APPELLEE

O P I N I O N

Godda r d, P. J .

Thi s i s a s ui t by Cha r l e s W l l i a m Coul t e r a nd Donna Le e i

Co u l t e r , br ot he r a nd s i s t e r of Li nda Di a ne Ros e He ndr i c ks , who d i e d i n a n a ut omobi l e a c c i de nt on Apr i l 24, 1994, s e e ki ng t o h a v e h e r ma r r i a ge on Apr i l 1, 1994, t o Ri c ha r d Ant hony He ndr i c ks ,

a n n u l l e d. The Cha nc e l l or gr a nt e d M . He ndr i c ks ' r mot i on unde r

Ru l e 1 2 . 02( 6) of t he Te nne s s e e Rul e s of Ci vi l Pr oc e dur e , whi c h *2 c o n t e n d e d t he c ompl a i nt f a i l e d " t o s t a t e a c l a i m upon whi c h r e l i e f c a n b e gr a nt e d. "

The br ot he r a nd s i s t e r a ppe a l c ont e ndi ng t he Cour t wa s i n e r r or .

The Compl a i na nt s a l l e ge t ha t t he y a r e t he s ol e he i r s

a n d n e x t of ki n of t he de c e a s e d, who wa s ma r r i e d t o M . He ndr i c k s r

o n Ap r i l 1, 1994, a nd t ha t t he i r s i s t e r , a s a l r e a dy not e d, di e d o n Ap r i l 24, 1994. The y c ont e nd t ha t t he ma r r i a ge wa s voi d a b i ni t i o be c a us e i t wa s e nt e r e d i nt o i n j e s t wi t h no i nt e nt i on o n t he p a r t of t he i r s i s t e r t o c ons umma t e i t , a nd t ha t t he i r s i s t e r , b e c a u s e of he r me nt a l di s a bi l i t y, di d not ha ve t he c a pa c i t y t o e nt e r i nt o a ma r r i a ge c e r e mony.

M . He ndr i c ks ' r b r i e f a c c ur a t e l y s t a t e s our s t a nda r d of

r e v i e w a s t o Rul e 12. 02( 6) mot i ons :

I n c ons i de r i ng t he a ppe a l of a Rul e 12. 02( 6) mo t i on t o di s mi s s , t he Cour t of Appe a l s i s r e qui r e d t o t a ke t he a l l e ga t i ons of t he c ompl a i nt a s t r ue a nd t o c o ns t r ue t he a l l e ga t i ons l i be r a l l y i n f a vor of t he p l a i nt i f f . Pe mbe r t on v. Ame r i c a n Di s t i l l e d Spi r i t s Co. , 664 S. W 2d 690, 691 ( Te nn. 1984) . . Si nc e t hi s a p pe a l i s be f or e t he Cour t of Appe a l s on a que s t i on of l a w, t he s c ope of t he r e vi e w i s de novo wi t h no p r e s umpt i on of c or r e c t ne s s f or t he t r i a l c our t ' s c o nc l us i on. Mont gome r y v. M yor of t he Ci t y of a Co vi ngt on , 778 S. W 2d 444, 445 ( Te nn. Ct . App. 1988) , . p e r m. a pp. de n. ( Te nn. 1989) .

A mot i on t o di s mi s s pur s ua nt t o Rul e 12. 02( 6) f or f a i l ur e t o s t a t e a c l a i m upon whi c h r e l i e f c a n be g r a nt e d i s t he e qui va l e nt of a de mur r e r unde r our f o r me r c ommon l a w pr oc e dur e a nd, t hus , i s a t e s t of t he

s u f f i c i e nc y of t he l e a di ng pl e a di ng. Humphr i e s v. W s t e En d Te r r a c e , I nc . , 795 S. W 2d 128, 130 ( Te nn. Ct . App. . 1 9 90) , pe r m. a pp. de n. Suc h a mot i on a dmi t s t he t r ut h o f a l l r e l e va nt a nd ma t e r i a l a ve r me nt s c ont a i ne d i n t he c o mpl a i nt but a s s e r t s t ha t s uc h f a c t s do not c ons t i t ut e a c a us e of a c t i on. i d. Howe ve r , a dmi s s i ons of t hi s n a t ur e , ma de s ol e l y i n c onne c t i on wi t h t he mot i on t o d i s mi s s , do not c ons t i t ut e a dmi s s i ons c ha r ge a bl e t o t he p r opone nt of t he mot i on f or pur pos e s of t he l i t i ga t i on a s a whol e . Ant hony v. Ti dwe l l , 560 S. W 2d 908, 910 . ( Te nn. 1977) . A c ompl a i nt s houl d be di s mi s s e d f or f a i l ur e t o s t a t e a c l a i m i f i t a ppe a r s be yond doubt t h a t pl a i nt i f f c a n pr ove no s e t of f a c t s i n s uppor t of i t s c l a i m t ha t woul d e nt i t l e hi m t o r e l i e f . Pe mbe r t on, 6 6 4 S. W 2d a t 691. .

The pr i nc i pa l qu e s t i on t o be de t e r mi ne d i n t hi s a ppe a l i s wh e t he r t he ma r r i a ge wa s voi d or voi da bl e . The pa r t i e s c o n c e d e t ha t i f voi da bl e t he r i ght t o ha ve i t s e t a s i de a ba t e d u p o n t h e de a t h of e i t he r pa r t y.

I n r e s ol vi ng t he i s s ue r a i s e d, t hi s Cour t , i n Woods v .

W o d s , 638 S. W 2d 403 ( Te nn. App. 1983) , a n opi ni on by J udge Le wi s , o .

q u o t e s wi t h a ppr ova l f r om Gi bs on' s Sui t s i n Cha nc e r y ( 5t h e d. ) , a s f o l l ows ( a t pa ge 405) :

A ma r r i a ge i s vo i d f r om t he be gi nni ng ( 1) whe n e i t he r p a r t y wa s a l r e a dy l a wf ul l y ma r r i e d; or ( 2) . . . ; o r ( 3) whe n t he pa r t i e s a r e wi t hi n pr ohi bi t e d de gr e e s o f ki ns hi p; or ( 4) wh e n, f or a ny ot he r r e a s on, t he ma r r i a ge wa s pr ohi bi t e d by l a w, a nd i t s c ont i nua nc e i s i n v i ol a t i on o f l a w. [ Ci t a t i ons omi t t e d. ]

A ma r r i a ge i s voi da bl e f r om t he be gi nni ng ( 1) whe n e i t he r p a r t y wa s i ns a ne ; 1 or ( 2) t he c ompl a i na nt wa s u n de r dur e s s ; or ( 3) wa s unde r t he a ge of c ons e nt ; or ( 4 ) whe n t he c ons e nt wa s obt a i ne d by f or c e , or f r a ud, a n d wa s gi ve n by mi s t a ke ; or ( 5) whe n t he de f e nda nt wa s

1 Emp h a s i s s u p p l i e d .

i mpot e nt ; 2 or ( 6) whe n t he woma n wa s pr e gna nt by a n ot he r ma n wi t hout t he knowl e dge of t he c ompl a i na nt ; o r ( 7) whe n, f or a ny ot he r r e a s on, t he ma r r i a ge wa s not b i ndi ng on t he c ompl a i na nt . [ Empha s i s s uppl i e d. ]

2 Gi bs on' s Sui t s i n Cha nc e r y § 1147 not e 10 ( 5t h e d . 1956) .

As t o t he i ns a ni t y t he or y, we be l i e ve t he Supr e me Co u r t

c a s e of Br ya nt v. Towns e nd, 188 Te nn. 630, 221 S. W 2d 949 ( 194 9 ) , .

i s d i s p os i t i ve . I n t ha t c a s e a non c ompos me nt i s ma r r i e d a wo ma n s o me s i x we e ks be f or e he r de a t h. Hi s he i r s br ought s ui t t o ha v e t h e ma r r i a ge a nnul l e d s o t he wi dow c oul d not i nhe r i t f r om hi s es t at e. The gr ound f or a nnul me nt wa s t ha t he l a c ke d me nt a l c a pa c i t y t o e nt e r i nt o t he ma r r i a ge . I n t ha t c a s e t he Supr e me Co u r t h e l d t he ma r r i a ge wa s voi da bl e , a nd i n doi ng s o s t a t e d t h e

f o l l o wi ng ( 188 Te nn. a t 634; 221 S. W 2d a t 951) : .

Spe c i f i c a l l y, i n t he c a s e o f Col e v. Col e , 3 7 Te nn. 57, 70 Am. De c . 275, i t wa s he l d t ha t whe r e a ma r r i a ge wa s a t t a c ke d on t he gr ound of t he i ns a ni t y of t h e woma n who ha d not be e n a dj udge d non c ompos me nt i s , t h a t t he ma r r i a ge wa s voi da bl e a nd not voi d, a nd t ha t t h e ma r r i a ge c oul d be r a t i f i e d by he r i n a s ubs e que nt l u c i d i nt e r va l . Ha d t he ma r r i a ge be e n voi d a b i ni t i o, o b vi ous l y i t c oul d not ha ve be e n l a t e r r a t i f i e d, s i nc e i n l e ga l c ont e mpl a t i on, i t ha d ne ve r oc c ur r e d.

W ha ve no s t a t ut e t ha t pr ohi bi t s or a nnul s t he e ma r r i a ge of a n i ns a ne pe r s on. The onl y a ppl i c a bl e p r ovi s i on of our s t a t ut or y l a w i s t ha t of t he pr e s e nt ma r r i a ge l i c e ns i ng l a w, whi c h f or bi ds t he Cl e r k t o i s s ue a l i c e ns e whe n one of t he pa r t i e s i s a known l una t i c o r i mbe c i l e , Se c t i on 3, Cha p. 8 1, Publ i c Ac t s o f 1937, but di s r e ga r d of t hi s pr ovi s i on doe s not r e nde r t he ma r r i a ge voi d but me r e l y voi da bl e a f t e r a n a p pr opr i a t e pr oc e e di ng. Ke i t h v. Pa c k, 182 Te nn. 420, 4 2 3, 187 S. W 2d 618, 159 A. L. R. 101. .

2 Emp h a s i s i n o r i g i n a l opi ni on.

I t c a n be s e e n f r om t he f or e goi ng t ha t whe n t he gr ou n d s f o r a n n ul me nt a r e not pr oh i bi t e d by s t a t ut e or by s t r ong publ i c p o l i c y a nd a r e s uc h t ha t t he pa r t i e s ma y s ubs e que nt l y r a t i f y t h e ma r r i a g e , i t i s v oi da bl e , r a t he r t ha n voi d.

The Pl a i nt i f f s c ont e nd t ha t Br ya nt i s not c ont r ol l i ng b e c a u s e , a s t he y i ns i s t i n t he i r br i e f , t h e de c i s i on wa s bot t ome d

u p o n t h e f a c t t ha t " s i nc e M . Br ya nt l i ve d s ome s i x ( 6) we e ks r

a f t e r h i s ma r r i a ge , a nd hi s he i r s kne w of hi s me nt a l de f e c t pr i o r t o t h e ma r r i a ge a nd t ook no a c t i on t o pr ot e c t hi m ( i . e . a p p o i n t me nt of a gua r di a n) , t he y ha d no gr ounds t o br i ng t he s ui t . "

W , howe ve r , a gr e e wi t h t he a r gume nt of M . He ndr i c k s e r

t h a t t h i s wa s a n a l t e r na t e r e a s on f or t he Cour t ' s de c i s i on.

As t o t he ma r r i a ge i n j e s t f e a t ur e of t he a ppe a l , we n o t e t h a t t he c a s e s c i t e d by t he Appe l l a nt s a ppl y t he t r a di t i on a l c o mmo n l a w c ont r a c t r ul e t o ma r r i a ge ; vi z , mut ua l c ons e nt by p a r t i e s i nt e ndi ng t o be bound. Da vi s v. Da vi s , 175 A. 174

( Co n n . 1 934) ; Cr ouc h v. W r t e nbe r g, 112 S. E. 234 ( W Va . 1922) ; a .

Cr o u c h v. W r t e nbe r g , 104 S. E. 117 ( W Va . 1920) . a .

Te nne s s e e , howe v e r , doe s not f ol l ow t he c ommon- l a w r u l e a s t o ma r r i a ge c ont r a c t s , a s s hown by Br ya nt v. Towns e nd, s upr a , wh e r e i n t he Cour t s t a t e d t he f ol l owi ng ( 188 Te nn. a t 633; 221

S. W 2 d a t 950) : .

The l a w of ma r r i a ge i n Te nne s s e e i s not c ont r ol l e d b y r ul e s of t he c ommon l a w, but i s a ma t t e r of s t a t ut e . Si nc e 1829, t hi s Cour t ha s f r e que nt l y s o he l d.

" The mor e i mpor t a nt pr ovi s i ons of t he s e a c t s of As s e mbl y a r e a l mos t e nt i r e l y t he s a me , e xhi bi t i ng a s e t t l e d pur pos e t o f i x a nd r e gul a t e t he c ont r a c t of ma r r i a ge s o a s t o r e s t or be de pe nde nt on muni c i pa l l a w a l one ; e s t a bl i s hi ng a s ys t e m i nt e nde d t o be c ompl e t e i n i t s e l f , e vi de nc e by t he a t t e nt i on pa i d t o e ve r y p a r t i c ul a r , i n f or m a s we l l a s s ubs t a nc e , whi c h t he i mpor t a nc e of s uc h a r e l a t i on, bot h i n a pr i va t e a nd a p u bl i c vi e w, s o d e s e r ve dl y me r i t e d. He nc e , t he s e a c t s o f As s e mbl y, a s wa s i nt e nde d by t he m, ope r a t e a nd e f f e c t a c ha nge i n t he f or m a nd s ubs t a nc e of t he ma r r i a ge c ont r a c t , a nd i t s s ol e mni z a t i on, f r om wha t i t wa s a t t he c ommon l a w. * * * we s a y, t ha t t he s e r e qui r e me nt s , u nde r t he s e c i r c ums t a nc e s , c ons t i t ut e s u c h a body of pr oof , a s t o r e nde r i r r e s t i bl e , i n our o p i ni ons , t he c or r e c t ne s s of t he pos i t i on, t ha t a ma r r i a ge , t o be va l i d, mus t be a c c or di ng t o t he s e a c t s , a n d t ha t t he c ommon l a w i s whol l y s upe r s e de d on t he s a me s ubj e c t by t he m. " Ba s ha w v. St a t e , 9 Te nn. 177, 1 8 3- 184.

" Ac c or di ngl y, s i nc e t he ye a r 1741, a t t he l e a s t , t h e c ommon l a w mode of c ons t i t ut i ng a l e ga l ma r r i a ge i s o f no va l i di t y he r e . Thi s poi nt wa s e xa mi ne d a t s ome l e ngt h i n t he c a s e of t he St a t e v. Ba s ha w, 1 Ye r g. Re p. 1 7 7, a nd t hi s c onc l us i on a r r i ve d a t a nd s us t a i ne d by t h e c our t . " Gr i s ha m v. St a t e , 10 Te nn. 589, 592.

" W a r e , t h e r e f or e , s a t i s f i e d, a nd hol d, t h a t i t e wa s t he i nt e nt i on of t he ge ne r a l a s s e mbl y, i n e na c t i ng t h e pr ovi s i ons of t he Code of 1858 upon t he s ubj e c t u n de r c ons i de r a t i on, t o a br oga t e t he c ommon l a w i n r e l a t i on t o ma r r i a ge s , a nd pr ovi de a ne w a nd e xc l us i ve ma nne r i n whi c h s uc h c ont r a c t s s houl d be ma de . " Smi t h v . Nor t h M mphi s Sa v. Ba nk , 115 Te nn. 12, 31, 89 S. W e . 3 9 2, 396.

For t he f or e goi ng r e a s ons t he j udgme nt of t he Tr i a l Co u r t i s a f f i r me d a nd t he c a us e r e ma nde d f or c ol l e c t i on of c os t s b e l o w. Cos t s of a ppe a l a r e a dj udge d a ga i ns t t he Appe l l a nt s a n d t he i r s ur e t y.

_______________________________

Hous t on M Godda r d, P. J . .

CONCUR:

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________________________ Do n T. M M r a y, J . c ur

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________________________ Ch a r l e s D. Sus a no, J r . , J .