Stanley v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance

EAGLES, Judge. Appellant Nationwide has violated Rule 28(b)(5), Rules of Appellate Procedure in that it failed to set out its argument in its brief in the form of questions immediately followed by a reference to the assignments of error and exceptions pertinent to the questions. By application of Rule 28, Nationwide has abandoned its entire appeal. However, due to the serious questions presented on appeal and the brevity of the record, we are persuaded, in the interest of justice and in our discretion, as permitted by Rule 2, Rules of Appellate Procedure, to waive the error under Rule 28. Defendant assigns as error the trial court’s refusal to allow its motions for directed verdict and to have the verdict set aside. We find no error. On appeal from an order granting or denying a directed verdict, we must determine the sufficiency of the evidence based upon the same standards as those applied by the trial judge. Naylor v. Naylor, 11 N.C. App. 384, 181 S.E. 2d 222 (1971). A motion for directed verdict raises the question as to whether there is sufficient evidence to go to the jury. The test that the trial court must use is whether plaintiffs evidence, taken as true and in the light most favorable to the plaintiff is insufficient as a matter of law to justify a verdict for the plaintiff. Dickinson v. Pake, 284 N.C. 576, 201 S.E. 2d 897 (1974). Applying this test to the evidence submitted by plaintiffs at trial, it is clear from the record that the evidence was sufficient to go to the jury. Nationwide argues that where a person obtains from another the possession of an automobile by falsely representing that he is *269 a licensed driver, that the possession so obtained is not “lawful possession” within the meaning of G.S. 20-279.21. We disagree. G.S. 20-279.21(b)(2) states, in pertinent part: [An] owner’s policy of liability insurance . . . shall insure the person named therein and any other person, as insured, using any such motor vehicle or motor vehicles with the express or implied permission of such named insured, or any other persons in lawful possession, against loss from the liability imposed by law for damages arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of such motor vehicle or motor vehicles. [Emphasis added.] Nationwide urges that one cannot have lawful possession without permission and that by falsely representing to Mitchell Jacobs that he had a valid driver’s license, Wayne Jacobs did not have permission and as a result, no lawful possession, of the 1974 AMC Matador automobile. The case law in North Carolina is to the contrary. Nationwide relies strongly on Jernigan v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, 16 N.C. App. 46, 190 S.E. 2d 866 (1972) for a proposition stated in dictum that permission is an essential element of lawful possession. We have expressly rejected the proposition that “permission” is necessary for “lawful possession” in Packer v. Traveler’s Insurance Company, 28 N.C. App. 365, 221 S.E. 2d 707 (1976), where we held that: [F]ailure of plaintiff to offer evidence of permission to drive on the very trip and occasion of the collision is not fatal to plaintiffs case. Plaintiffs evidence was sufficient to justify a verdict finding that [the driver] was in lawful possession of the insured’s vehicle at the time of the collision. 28 N.C. App. at 368, 221 S.E. 2d at 709. The evidence is clear that Mitchell Jacobs did not give Wayne Jacobs permission to drive without a valid driver’s license, and the jury so answered the issue of permission. It is also clear that Mitchell Jacobs was a lawful owner of the 1974 AMC Matador automobile and could give lawful possession of the automobile to Wayne Jacobs. The jury found from these facts that the possession was lawful. We agree. It seems clear to *270 us that when lawful possession has been shown, further proof is not required that the operator had permission to drive on the very trip and occasion of the collision. See, Insurance Co. v. Broughton, 283 N.C. 309, 196 S.E. 2d 243 (1973), where the addition to G.S. 20-279.21(b)(2) of “any other persons in lawful possession” is briefly discussed. To place a burden of proving “permission” on plaintiff as well as “lawful possession” is a burden heavier than the legislature intended in G.S. 20-279.21(b)(2). For these reasons we find no error. Defendant’s other arguments are without merit. Affirmed. Judges Arnold and Whichard concur.