Gant v. NCNB National Bank of North Carolina

EAGLES, Judge. Plaintiff argues on appeal that the trial court erred in dismissing her complaint. After careful consideration of the record on appeal and the applicable law, we agree in part. A Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss tests the legal sufficiency of the complaint. Sutton v. Duke, 277 N.C. 94, 176 S.E. 2d 161 (1970). In order to withstand the motion, the complaint must provide sufficient notice of the events and circumstances from which the claim arises and must state allegations sufficient to satisfy the substantive elements of at least some recognized claim. Hewes v. Johnston, 61 N.C. App. 603, 301 S.E. 2d 120 (1983). The question before us is whether, as a matter of law, the allegations of the complaint, treated as true, are sufficient to state a claim upon which relief may be granted under some legal theory, whether properly labeled or not. Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N.C. 181, 254 S.E. 2d 611 (1977). The crux of plaintiffs complaint is that defendant failed to fulfill its obligation to inform her of the financial condition of the company whose loans she guaranteed. Although there is no fiduciary relationship between creditor and guarantor, International Harvester Credit Corp. v. Bowman, 69 N.C. App. 217, 220, 316 S.E. 2d 619, 621, disc. rev. denied, 312 N.C. 493, 322 S.E. 2d 556 (1984), in some instances a creditor owes a duty to the guarantor to disclose information about the principal debtor. If the creditor knows, or has good grounds for believing that the surety [or guarantor] is being deceived or misled, or that he is induced to enter into the contract in ignorance of facts materially increasing the risks, of which he has knowledge, and he has an opportunity, before accepting his undertaking, to inform him of such facts, good and fair dealing demand that he should make such disclosure to him; and if he accepts *200 the contract without doing so, the surety [or guarantor] may afterwards avoid it. Trust Co. v. Akelaitis, 25 N.C. App. 522, 526, 214 S.E. 2d 281, 284 (1975), quoting 10 Williston, Contracts, section 1249 (3d ed. 1967). Plaintiff has alleged the defendant knew that she was unaware of the financial condition of the principal debtor and knew she was relying on defendant’s “good faith and financial expertise” in making the loans. Further, plaintiff alleged the defendant at all times knew or had sufficient information to know the principal debtor was insolvent. Plaintiff has alleged sufficient facts to state a claim against defendant, whether the cause of action is ultimately determined to be one for negligence or “breach of duty of good faith,” as plaintiff has labeled her claims. Allegations of sufficient facts to state any legal claim are all that is generally required to withstand a Rule 12(b)(6) motion. We also note that plaintiff’s allegations of negligence contain language regarding “plaintiff’s negligence” and defendant’s “fraud.” Defendant asserts that these errors in pleading are sufficient in themselves to warrant dismissal of plaintiff’s claim. The record does not indicate the trial court based its order of dismissal on these clearly typographical errors, which were purportedly cured by plaintiff’s motion to amend the complaint. We agree with defendant’s assertion that plaintiff may not amend its complaint after an order of dismissal has been entered. Johnson v. Bollinger, 86 N.C. App. 1, 356 S.E. 2d 378 (1987). However, in this case, where the amendment is to cure clearly typographical errors that were not the basis of dismissal, we see no prejudice to defendant. Plaintiff has also alleged a cause of action based on fraud. The essential elements of actionable fraud are well established. There must be a misrepresentation of material fact, made with knowledge of its falsity and with intent to deceive, which the other party reasonably relies on to his deception and detriment. Equally well-established is the requirement that the plaintiff allege all material facts and circumstances constituting the fraud with particularity in the complaint. Mere generalities and conclusory allegations of fraud will not suffice. [Citations omitted.] Moore v. Wachovia Bank & Trust Co., 30 N.C. App. 390, 391, 226 S.E. 2d 833, 834-35 (1976). The pleader must state with particularity the time, place and content of the false representation. *201 Here because plaintiff has failed to allege the circumstances constituting fraud with sufficient particularity, the trial court was correct in granting defendant’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion on the fraud claim. The fatal deficiency in plaintiffs allegations is that the complaint contains no facts whatsoever setting forth the time, place or specific individuals who purportedly made the fraudulent misrepresentations to plaintiff. It is not sufficient to allege con-clusorily that a corporation made fraudulent misrepresentations. See Coley v. NCNB, 41 N.C. App. 121, 254 S.E. 2d 217 (1979). Plaintiff has also asserted a claim for wrongful withholding of stock certificates. In the complaint plaintiff alleges that the defendant is wrongfully withholding the stocks plaintiff pledged in guarantee of the loans. Return of the stocks, plus damages, is what plaintiff is seeking and this “cause of action” is in reality a remedy plaintiff is requesting, not an independent cause of action. Plaintiff has not cited any case where an independent cause of action for wrongful withholding of stock certificates has been recognized and we decline to recognize one here. Plaintiff is merely seeking a remedy. For the reasons stated, the trial court’s order of dismissal is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and the case remanded for proceedings on the breach of duty of good faith claim and the negligence claim. Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded. Judges Wells and Greene concur.