Mountain Farm Credit Service v. Purina Mills, Inc.

ARNOLD, Chief Judge. I. MFCS’s Appeal A. Directed Verdict and Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict MFCS first contends the trial court erred in denying its motion for a directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the verdict. It argues *511 that Purina’s evidence did not establish the existence of, nor the perfection of, a valid security agreement. MFCS believes the security agreement is facially defective because it (1) fails to name GDF as the debtor, listing the debtor as “Warren Killian and Robert Hethrington dba Grey Dawn Farm,” (2) does not describe the cattle as GDF cattle, and (3) appears to be signed in an individual, rather than representative, capacity. “In evaluating a motion for directed verdict, the non-movant’s evidence must be taken as true and all inconsistencies in the evidence resolved in the non-movant’s favor.” NCNB v. Gutridge, 94 N.C. App. 344, 346, 380 S.E.2d 408, 410, disc. review denied, 325 N.C. 432, 384 S.E.2d 539 (1989). “The standard is whether the evidence so considered is sufficient to submit the case to the jury.” Id. The same standard applies in considering a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. Smith v. Pass, 95 N.C. App. 243, 382 S.E.2d 781 (1989). 1. Identification of Debtor The security agreement lists the debtor as “Warren Killian and Robert Hethrington dba Grey Dawn Farm.” MFCS contends this is an insufficient identification of the debtor because designation of “two individuals, doing business as Grey Dawn Farm, is not synonymous with the partnership, Grey Dawn Farms.” “A security agreement must sufficiently designate the debtor. The failure of the security agreement to contain the . . . correct name of a business debtor will not necessarily render a security agreement invalid.” 79 C.J.S. Secured Transactions § 40 (1995). Here, the security agreement identifies GDF, but does not identify it as a partnership. While a clearer designation of the true debtor is preferred and encouraged, the designation is not so lacking as to be fatal. 2. Description of Collateral MFCS also contends the security agreement is facially invalid because it does not identify the collateral as GDF dairy cattle as opposed to dairy cattle belonging to Killian or Hetherington individually. We do not agree. “[A]ny description of personal property ... is sufficient whether or not it is specific if it reasonably identifies what is described.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-9-110 (1986); see also Richard A. Lord and Charles C. Lewis, North Carolina Security Interests § 3-3 (1985). The security agreement describes the collateral as “[a]ll dairy cattle including all *512 bulls, cows, heifers, calves and all progeny resulting from said cattle; also proceeds and accounts receivable resulting from milk sales.” It also lists the location of the collateral as “on [the] premises of Jean Hethrington, in the City of Morganton, County of Burke, State of North Carolina,” the site of the farm. This description reasonably identifies the collateral. 3. Debtor’s Signature MFCS also contends that the security agreement was not signed in the partnership name and, therefore, does not operate to create a security interest in GDF’s cattle. We disagree. A security interest attaches once, among other things, “the debtor has signed a security agreement.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-9-203(1)(a) (1986). “Documents signed on behalf of a partnership should indicate that the debtor is a partnership and that the signing individual is a partner.” Richard C. Tinney, Sufficiency of Debtor’s Signature on Security Agreement or Financing Statement under UCC §§ 9-203 and 9-402, 3 A.L.R.4th 502 (1981) (emphasis added). However, “[generally, the signature of a partner will suffice, since, under principles of partnership law which continue in effect under UCC § 1-103, any partner has the power to bind the partnership as to matters within the scope of the partnership business.” Id. In addition, when an authorized principal of the company has executed a security agreement, the absence of the true business name should not defeat the security interest as long as the evidence indicates that the signer did in fact intend to bind the entity by the signature. Of course, the individual’s signature will not always operate to bind the business entity. The individual must have authority to encumber the business property. James J. White and Robert S. Summers, Uniform Commercial Code § 22-5 (3d ed. 1988). Under partnership law, applicable through N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-1-103 (1986), [e]very partner is an agent of the partnership for the purpose of its business, and the act of every partner, including the execution in the partnership name of any instrument, for apparently carrying on in the usual way the business of the partnership of which he is a member binds the partnership, unless the partner so acting has in fact no authority to act for the partnership in the par *513 ticular matter, and the person with whom he is dealing has knowledge of the fact that he has no such authority. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 59-39(a) (1989). We have stated that “in order for a written instrument to be binding on a partnership, the instrument must be executed in the partnership name.” In the Matter of Oxford Plastics v. Goodson, 74 N.C. App. 256, 262, 328 S.E.2d 7, 11 (1985). Where one partner signed, in his individual name, a contract modifying a partnership contract, we determined that plaintiff had the burden of proving that the other partners either authorized or ratified the modification of the original instrument. Id. When a document is not signed in the partnership name “a plaintiff must show that the defendant was acting on behalf of the partnership or that the partnership ratified the individual’s act.” Messer v. Laurel Hill Associates, 93 N.C. App. 439, 445, 378 S.E.2d 220, 224 (1989). Here, Killian did not sign the documents in the partnership name, nor did the partnership ratify his actions. However, sufficient evidence was presented that he was acting on behalf of the partnership and had the authority to do so. Indeed, the jury found that Killian was authorized to act for the partnership in signing the security agreement and financing statements. Thus, the trial court did not err in denying MFCS’s motions for a directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the verdict. We reach a similar conclusion with regard to the financing statements. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-9-402(7) (1986) states that “[a] financing statement sufficiently shows the name of the debtor if it gives the individual, partnership or corporate name of the debtor, whether or not it adds other trade names or names of partners.” The Amended Official Comment states that “[i]n the case of partnerships it contemplates filing in the partnership name, not in the names of any of the partners and not in any other trade name.” The purpose of a financing statement is to provide notice to third parties of the debtor-creditor relationship. Lord and Lewis, supra, § 3-1, at 18. Here, the correct debtor is listed in the debtor box accompanied by the names of the individual partners. A search request under the name GDF located Purina’s financing statements. This identification comports with the statute’s requirements. Moreover, for the reasons stated above, the trial court did not err in denying Purina’s motion for a directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the verdict regarding the manner of signing the financing statements. *514 While we find that the trial court did not err in denying plaintiff’s motion for a directed verdict and judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the minimal formalities by Purina’s agents in executing these documents should certainly be avoided, and in the future, Purina should exercise greater care in conforming to the simple requirements of the Uniform Commercial Code, thereby avoiding further litigation. B. Issues Presented and Jury Instructions MFCS also argues that the trial court committed numerous errors in its submission of the issues to the jury and in its charge to the jury. In large part, this issue is based on MFCS’s position on the facial validity of the security documents and, in light of our holding on that issue, it is unnecessary to address this issue. To the extent this issue raises additional questions, we have reviewed them and conclude that the trial court did not err. C. Interest on Award Finally, MFCS argues that the trial court erred in entering judgment against it at eighteen percent interest per annum, rather than the legal rate of eight percent. GDF and Hetherington also raise this issue. We do not address this issue, however, because Purina, in effect, concedes the argument in its brief. There, Purina states that “in light of the amount at issue, Purina has no objection to this Court’s remanding with those instructions,” those instructions being a reduction to the legal rate. In doing so, Purina abandons its cross-assignment of error. II. Purina’s Appeal In its judgment, the trial court concluded that “Purina Mills is entitled to an award of attorneys!’] fees against Grey Dawn Farms and Robert A. Hetherington, Jr., jointly and severally, in the amount of $4,616.92, which is 15% of $30,779.51.” It did not allow Purina to recover attorneys’ fees from MFCS. On appeal, Purina contends this was error. Specifically, it argues that its security agreement with GDF provides for attorneys’ fees out of the proceeds of the collateral, and the fact that MFCS converted those proceeds should not work to reduce Purina’s remedy. MFCS did not respond to this argument. However, we agree with the trial court that an award of attorneys’ fees against MFCS based on the security agreement would be improper. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 6-21.2 *515 (1986), the statutory fees provision that applies to this type of instrument, does not authorize attorneys’ fees against a third party who is not transactionally related to the document containing the fees provision. Rather, the statute speaks mainly of fees assessed against the debtor, and MFCS is neither bound by nor liable for any obligation between GDF and Purina for attorneys’ fees. III. GDF and Hetherington’s Appeal GDF and Hetherington argue that the trial court erred in awarding Purina attorneys’ fees. It is not necessary to address this argument as Purina has agreed that the judgment may be modified to omit this award. In its appellee’s brief, Purina states that it “does not object to a remand with instructions that the judgment should not include an award of attorneys’ fees against Grey Dawn and Hetherington.” In conclusion, the judgment is reversed in part and remanded so that the trial court may (1) modify the judgment to reflect interest at the legal rate, and (2) omit an award of attorneys’ fees against GDF and Hetherington. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed. Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded. Judges LEWIS and McGEE concur.