Reid v. Smith

MoRRis, J. . , This case presents for determination the question of whether a party who has not been appointed administrator or administratrix, and who has not offered herself for qualification, may, upon a false •allegation of appointment, commence an action for wrongful death, and, following the expiration of the statute of limitations, validate that action by a subsequent appointment. G.S. 28-173 provides for recovery in the case of a wrongful death by an executor, administrator, or collector of the decedent. G.S. .1-53(4) provides that an action brought pursuant to the provisions :of G.S. 28-173 is subject to a two-year statute of limitations. Therefore, when Doris Reid qualified on 17 August 1967 the time within which the action could be brought had expired. Did the appointment of Doris Reid on 17 August 1967 as administratrix of the estate of Curtis Charles Ellerbee, relate back to the commencement ,of the original action, so that under the provisions of G.S. 1-25, the ■present action would not be barred by the statute of limitations applicable to this action? In Graves v. Welborn, 260 N.C. 688, 133 S.E. 2d 761, our Supreme Court was faced with a situation in which a widow had sued for the wrongful death of her husband alleging that she was the duly -appointed administratrix of her husband’s estate. In reality she had ■ taken the oath, signed the bond as principal, and left it with the *648 clerk so that it could be signed by the surety. However, the bond was not signed by the surety until following the expiration of the statute of limitations. In an opinion by Sharp, J., the Court held that the plaintiff’s letters of administration, when issued, related back to the commencement of the action and, therefore, the action was not barred by the statute of limitations. In reaching this result, our Supreme Court cited a number of cases from other jurisdictions. In Pearson v. Anthony, 218 Iowa 697, 254 N.W. 10, an action was instituted by a widow alleging that she was a duly appointed administratrix when in fact she merely expected to be appointed in the future. She was actually appointed after the expiration of the statute of limitations. The Iowa Court held that the actions of an individual “pretending” to act as admin-istratrix were ineffective to commence the action, therefore, the action was dismissed because of the statute of limitations. In Douglas v. Daniels Bros. Coal Co., 135 Ohio St. 641, 22 N.E. 2d 195, a widow instituted an action for the wrongful death of her husband alleging that she had been appointed administratrix. In fact she had presented herself for appointment and received forms from the probate court which she erroneously believed to be letters of administration. The error was not discovered until after the expiration of the statute of limitations. The Ohio Court held: “. . . where a widow institutes an action as administratrix, for damages for the wrongful death of her husband, under the mistaken belief that she had been duly appointed and had qualified as such, thereafter discovers her error and amends her petition so as to show that she was appointed administratrix after the expiration of the statute of limitation applicable to such action, the amended petition will relate back to the date of the filing of the petition, and the action will be deemed commenced within the time limited by statute.” (Emphasis supplied.) Speaking on these cases, Sharp, J., stated: “We think that the reasoning of the Ohio Court in Douglas v. Daniels Bros. Coal Co., supra, is sound and applicable to the facts of the instant case. Unlike Pearson v. Anthony, supra, our case was not instituted by one pretending to be the administrator. Plaintiff, in good faith, and with some reason, albeit mistakenly, believed herself to be the duly appointed adminis-tratrix of the estate of . . . (her husband) . . .” “However, we must not be understood as holding that one who has never applied for letters or who, having applied, had no *649 reasonable grounds for believing that he had been duly appointed, can institute an action for wrongful death, or any other cause, upon a false allegation of appointment and thereafter validate that allegation by a subsequent appointment. We think that the Iowa Court correctly dealt with a pretender.” In the present case it does not appear that the plaintiff had made an effort to obtain letters of administration. Nor does it appear that she, for any reason, mistakenly believed herself to be the duly appointed administratrix of the estate of Curtis Charles Ellerbee. We think this case should be governed by Pearson v. Anthony, supra, and the principles stated in Graves v. Welborn, supra. We hold that this wrongful death action is now barred by the statute of limitations. Reversed. Campbell and BROCK, JJ., concur.