Whitener v. Whitener

WEBB, Judge. The plaintiff first contends that the district court has jurisdiction because this is an in rem or quasi in rem action. Plaintiff argues this is so because there is a debt owed by persons in North Carolina to the parties to this suit. We do not believe this is an action in rem or quasi in rem. An in rem action deals with a proceeding regarding a thing. An action is quasi in rem if a thing which is not the subject of an action is attached or garnished in an ancillary proceeding in order to make it subject to the judgment against the defendant. See Holt v. Holt, 41 N.C. App. 344, 255 S.E. 2d 407 (1979); Balcon, Inc. v. Sadler, 36 N.C. App. 322, 244 S.E. 2d 164 (1978); Allen and O’Hara, Inc. v. Weingart, 23 N.C. App. 676, 209 S.E. 2d 839 (1974). In this case the plaintiff has asked for an accounting from the defendant for money which she received in Florida. This does not affect the debt which is owed by the persons in North Carolina to the parties to this suit. This is not an in rem action. The plaintiff has not garnished the debt in this state as an ancillary proceeding to this action. This is not a quasi in rem action. The plaintiff also contends the court has in personam jurisdiction of the defendant. The parties agree that the defendant was in form properly served so that the court has jurisdiction if this is an action in which the defendant may be served with process outside the state. If the court has in personam jurisdiction, it is under G.S. 1-75.4 which provides: “A Court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter has jurisdiction over a person served in an action pursuant to Rule 4(j) of the Rules of Civil Procedure under any of the following circumstances: *601 * * * (6) Local Property. — In any action which arises out of: * * * b. A claim to recover for any benefit derived by the defendant through the use, ownership, control or possession by the defendant of tangible property situated within this State either at the time of the first use, ownership, control or possession or at the time the action is commenced . . . The plaintiff contends this action involves a claim to recover for a benefit the defendant derived by the ownership of real estate in North Carolina, which was sold in 1968 and now is the security for the payment of a note, and this brings defendant within the purview of G.S. l-75.4(6)(b). In interpreting G.S. l-75.4(6)(b) as applied to the facts of this case we have to be mindful of the due process requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The due process clause requires that in order for a court to have personal jurisdiction over a person not domiciled in the state and not served with process in the state that the person must have certain minimum contacts with the state. See Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186, 97 S.Ct. 2569, 53 L.Ed. 2d 683 (1977) and International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95, 161 A.L.R. 1057 (1945). In Shaffer, the United States Supreme Court held that the fact that a person held stock in a Delaware corporation was not a sufficient contact. to give the Delaware courts jurisdiction over that person. The subject matter of the action did not involve the defendant’s rights as a stockholder although it did involve his action as an officer of the corporation. In Balcon v. Sadler, supra, this Court held there was not a sufficient minimum contact to support jurisdiction over a Maryland resident who owned real estate in this state when the plaintiff, also a Maryland resident, brought an action in this state on a claim that arose in Maryland and was unrelated to the North Carolina real estate. In Holt v. Holt, supra, this Court held that the district court had jurisdiction over a resident of another state who owned real estate in North Carolina. In that case the plaintiff sued on a Missouri alimony judgment. The court in that case held *602 there were several factors which showed there was a relationship between the defendant’s North Carolina property and the controversy between the parties. The defendant bought the property shortly after the entry of the Missouri decree which led the court to conclude that he was spending part of his income on the North Carolina property rather than making his alimony payments in Missouri. The parties in a separation agreement had divided property they owned in North Carolina. This Court held that these factors showed that the North Carolina property was a part of the source of the underlying controversy between the plaintiff and the defendant and the court had jurisdiction in a quasi in rem action. In the instant case the record discloses that the defendant sold property in North Carolina in 1968. So far as we can tell from the record she has not been in North Carolina since that time. She does own an interest in a note secured by a deed of trust on property in this state. There is no dispute between the parties as to whether the note should be paid. The only dispute is what has the defendant done with the payments. In Shaffer v. Heitner, supra, the fact that the defendants relied on Delaware law to protect their interests as stockholders did not give the Delaware court jurisdiction of the defendants in an action unrelated to their rights as stockholders. We believe that if we read G.S. 1-75.4(6)(b) to give the North Carolina court jurisdiction for a suit against the defendant for an accounting of money she received on the note it would violate the rule of Shaffer. This case is distinguishable from Holt in that in Holt the defendant had invested his money in property in this state rather than pay alimony as ordered by a Missouri decree. The defendant in the instant case had sold her property five years prior to the Florida divorce decree. There is no indication the sale was connected with the Florida action. In light of the serious constitutional problems that would arise were we to hold otherwise, we hold that G.S. l-75.4(6)(b) does not give the District Court of Henderson County in per-sonam jurisdiction in this case. The action was properly dismissed. *603 Affirmed. Judges VAUGHN and HILL concur.