Melkonian v. Board of Adjustment

JOHNSON, Judge. Respondent, in its brief, brings forward three Assignments of Error. Respondent’s fourth Assignment of Error is not supported by argument; therefore, we deem that it is abandoned. Rule 28(b) (5), N.C. Rules App. P. Petitioner, in his brief, presents a single Assignment of Error, for our review. Petitioner assigns error to the trial court’s finding of fact that respondent’s findings in its second order were supported by competent evidence. Although the Record on Appeal contains numerous pleadings and references to pleadings filed by petitioner and the City of Havelock, we have only one order (85CVS1997) that is properly before us for our review. We first address respondent’s appeal from the 3 July 1986 order. Respondent’s Appeal By its second Assignment of Error respondent contends that the trial court erred by addressing and ruling upon the question presented by petitioner’s motion, to wit: whether the ABC Commission’s granting of a permit to petitioner preempted respondent’s decision to deny petitioner’s S.E.U. permit request and therefore rendered the issues before the court as moot. For reasons to follow, we hold that the trial court correctly ruled that the decision by the ABC Commission to grant petitioner a permit for the sale of malt beverages preempted respondent’s decision to deny petitioner an S.E.U. permit to operate a tavern. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order. I Petitioner’s “Petition For Writ of Certiorari” alleged, in pertinent part, the following: *356 3. That the record reveals that, at the November 20, 1985 hearing, the Havelock Board of Adjustment allowed incompetent and immaterial evidence to be admitted to the prejudice of the petitioner, which resulted in the decision of the Havelock Board of Adjustment being based upon moral issues, outside of the scope of its authority, in violation of the petitioner’s rights to due process. 4. That the conclusions of law contained in the Order of the Havelock Board of Adjustment are not supported by the Findings of Fact contained therein. 5. That based upon the foregoing and the record in this cause, the decision of the Havelock Board of Adjustment denying the petitioner’s request for a Special Exception Use Permit is arbitrary and capricious and is wholly unsupported by competent evidence, findings of fact, conclusions, and the laws of this state. (Emphasis supplied.) It is evident from the emphasized portions of the petition that petitioner was alleging that respondent’s decision to deny his S.E.U. permit request was contrary to law. The basis of petitioner’s motion was: that “no city in the State of North Carolina, including the City of Havelock, may regulate, by zoning ordinance or otherwise, a field which has been preempted by the State of North Carolina,” G.S. 160A-174(b); that G.S. 18B-901 vests in the ABC Commission, “the sole power in its discretion, to determine the suitability and qualifications of an applicant for a permit”; that upon payment of prescribed tax, issuance of a State or local license is mandatory if an applicant holds the corresponding ABC permit; and that petitioner was lawfully entitled to the appropriate local licenses since he was in possession of the corresponding ABC Commission permit. A zoning board acts in a quasi-judicial capacity when it hears evidence to determine the existence of facts and conditions upon which the ordinance expressly authorizes it to issue a special use permit. Humble Oil & Refining Co. v. Board of Aldermen of the Town of Chapel Hill, 284 N.C. 458, 469, 202 S.E. 2d 129, 137 (1974). The zoning board’s decision is “subject to the right of the courts to review the record for errors in law and to give relief against *357 its orders which are arbitrary, oppressive or attended with manifest abuse of authority.” Id. Petitioner, pursuant to G.S. 160A-388(e), filed his “Petition For Writ of Certiorari.” G.S. 160A-388(e) states in pertinent part, the following: Every decision of the board shall be subject to review by the superior court by proceeding in the nature of certiorari. In Coastal Ready-Mix Concrete Co., Inc. v. Board of Commissioners of the Town of Nags Head, 299 N.C. 620, 624, 265 S.E. 2d 379, 382, rehearing denied, 300 N.C. 562, 270 S.E. 2d 106 (1980), the North Carolina Supreme Court stated, “we cannot believe that our legislature intended that persons subject to zoning decisions of a town board would be denied judicial review of the standard and scope we have come to expect under the North Carolina APA.” The Court in Coastal Ready-Mix Concrete Co., extrapolated from the scope of review set forth in the Administrative Procedures Act, G.S. 150A-51, the following tasks of a court reviewing a decision on an application for a conditional use permit: (1) Reviewing the record for errors in law, (2) Insuring that procedures specified by law in both statute and ordinance are followed, (3) Insuring that appropriate due process rights of a petitioner are protected including the right to offer evidence, cross-examine witnesses and inspect documents, (4) Insuring that decisions of town boards are supported by competent, material and substantial evidence in the whole record, and (5) Insuring that decisions are not arbitrary and capricious. Id. at 626, 265 S.E. 2d at 383. From the foregoing it is apparent that the trial court did not exceed its scope of review that was in the nature of certiorari. Accordingly, we hold that it was incumbent on the trial court to insure that respondent’s decision was not contrary to State law and was authorized by local ordinance. If the ABC Commission had rendered a statutorily authorized decision contrary to re *358 spondent’s decision to deny petitioner’s S.E.U. permit request then it was necessary for the trial court to consider the question of whether respondent’s decision was contrary to State law. II It is well settled that a municipal corporation is a creature of the General Assembly and that a municipal corporation can only exercise such powers as are expressly conferred by the General Assembly or such as are necessarily implied by those expressly given. Davis v. The City of Charlotte, 242 N.C. 670, 674, 89 S.E. 2d 406, 409 (1955). “Municipal ordinances are ordained for local purposes in the exercise of a delegated legislative function, and must harmonize with the general laws of the State. In case of conflict the ordinance must yield to the State law.” Id. at 674, 89 S.E. 2d at 409 (quoting State v. Freshwater, 183 N.C. 762, 762-63, 111 S.E. 161, 162 (1922)). G.S. 160A-174 establishes, inter alia, that local ordinances are preempted by North Carolina State law when local ordinances are not consistent with State law; and that an ordinance is not consistent with State law when, inter alia: (2) The ordinance makes unlawful an act, omission or condition which is expressly made lawful by State or federal law; (3) The ordinance makes lawful an act, omission, or condition which is expressly made unlawful by State or federal law; (4) The ordinance purports to regulate a subject that cities are expressly forbidden to regulate by State or federal law; (5) The ordinance purports to regulate a field for which a State or federal statute clearly shows a legislative intent to provide a complete and integrated regulatory scheme to the exclusion of local regulation. . . . From the foregoing principles it is abundantly clear that if the General Assembly intended to delegate to the ABC Commission the exclusive authority to determine the suitability of applicants to obtain the appropriate permits and licenses to sell intoxicating beverages, then the use of any ordinance to achieve a result inconsistent with the General Assembly’s delegation of authority to the ABC Commission would be unlawful. *359 The General Assembly, in G.S. 18B-100, has expressed its intent to establish a uniform system of control over the sale of alcoholic beverages. Moreover, G.S. 18B-100 states: Except as provided in this Chapter, local ordinances establishing different rules on the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, consumption, or other use of alcoholic beverages, or requiring additional permits or fees, are prohibited. (Emphasis supplied.) The statute we hold to be controlling in the case sub judice, G.S. 18B-901, extensively establishes the General Assembly’s intent to delegate to the ABC Commission the exclusive authority to deny or grant permits to sell alcoholic beverages. The procedure for issuance of permits is stated in G.S. 18B-901 as follows: (a) Who Issues. All ABC permits shall be issued by the Commission. Purchase-transportation permits shall be issued by local boards under G.S. 18B-403. (b) Notice to Local Government. —Before issuing an ABC permit, for an establishment, the Commission shall give notice of the permit application to the governing body of the city in which the establishment is located. If the establishment is not inside a city, the Commission shall give notice to the governing body of the county. The Commission shall allow the local governing body 10 days from the time the notice was mailed or delivered to file written objection to the issuance of the permit. To be considered by the Commission, the objection shall state the facts upon which it is based. (c) Factors in Issuing Permit. Before issuing a permit, the Commission shall be satisfied that the applicant is a suitable person to hold an ABC permit and that the location is a suitable place to hold the permit for which he has applied. To be a suitable place, the establishment shall comply with all applicable building and fire codes. Other factors the commission may consider in determining whether the applicant and the business location are suitable are: (1) The reputation, character, and criminal record of the applicant; *360 (2) The number of places already holding ABC permits within the neighborhood; (3) Parking facilities and traffic conditions in the neighborhood; (4) Kinds of businesses already in the neighborhood; (5) Whether the establishment is located within 50 feet of a church or public school or church school; (6) Zoning laws; (7) The recommendations of the local governing body; and (8) Any other evidence that would tend to show whether the applicant would comply with the ABC laws and whether operation of his business at that location would be detrimental to the neighborhood. (d) Commission’s Authority.— The Commission shall have the sole power, in its discretion, to determine the suitability and qualifications of an applicant for a permit. (Emphasis supplied.) The General Assembly, by the plain language of G.S. 18B-901, clearly provided that the ABC Commission may consider local government objections and local zoning laws. There is a provision in G.S. 18B-901 which allows local governments to object to the issuance of a permit by the ABC Commission. However, G.S. 18B-901 expressly delegates the decision making power solely to the ABC Commission. The very factors that purportedly led to respondent’s denial of petitioner’s S.E.U. permit request are factors, such as parking and the effect on the neighborhood, that the ABC Commission has the sole power to determine, G.S. 18B-901. The North Carolina Supreme Court has recognized the extent of the decision making powers of the ABC Commission as follows: The State Board exercises sole discretionary powers in determining fitness of the applicant, the number of retail outlets permitted in any locality, and supervision over those who sell wines. It may revoke or suspend such permits for cause. G.S. 18-109 relieves licensing authorities state and local, of responsibility with respect to the fitness of the applicant or place where wines may be sold. ... To interpret it so as to permit *361 local communities to override and set at nought the conclusions reached by the State Board might well reproduce the condition deplored by the 1945 Legislature. Staley v. The City of Winston-Salem, 258 N.C. 244, 248-49, 128 S.E. 2d 604, 607-08 (1962) (emphasis supplied). In the case sub judice, petitioner, without objection by respondent, argued that the decision of the ABC Commission to grant him a permit preempted respondent’s denial of his S.E.U. permit request since the zoning ordinance, upon which respondent’s denial was based, attempted to regulate the sale of alcoholic beverages which is a violation of State law. We conclude that the trial court did not err in concluding that petitioner, “as the holder of a valid ABC permit issued by the State Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission, is entitled to be issued a city beer license.” Ill Respondent next argues that the trial court lacked authority to order the Tax Collector of the City of Havelock to issue any city license. After careful consideration, we disagree. G.S. 105-113.70 states: “[u]pon proper application and payment of the prescribed tax, issuance of a State or a local license is mandatory if the applicant holds the corresponding ABC permit.” (Emphasis supplied.) Petitioner was a holder of a valid ABC permit and, therefore, it was mandatory that the Tax Collector of the City of Havelock issue to petitioner the city licenses to which he was entitled. Petitioner’s “Petition for Writ of Certiorari” requested of the trial court that he “have such other and further relief as the court may deem just and proper.” Furthermore, petitioner’s subsequent motion in this matter of his application for an S.E.U. permit raised the issue of the City of Havelock’s attempt, through its zoning ordinance, to control the sale of alcoholic beverages. Petitioner placed before the court, without objection by respondent, proper documentation and supporting legal authorities that established he was entitled to issuance of a city license by the tax collector and that it was mandatory for the tax collector to issue the appropriate license. The trial court, ex mero motu, treated petitioner’s motion as one in the nature of a motion for a writ of mandamus. We find no reversible error in the trial court’s order. *362 IV Respondent argues that it was error for the trial court not to affirm its decision to deny petitioner an S.E.U. permit since its decision was supported by competent evidence. Consistent with our discussion, hereinabove, we need not address this issue due to the preemption of respondent’s decision by the ABC Commission’s decision to grant petitioner’s request for a permit. Petitioner’s Cross-Appeal Petitioner, by way of a cross-appeal, challenges the trial court’s conclusion that respondent’s findings of fact were supported by competent evidence. In light of our decision to affirm the trial court’s order, petitioner’s cross-appeal is rendered moot and the same hereby is dismissed. The decision of the trial court is Affirmed. Judges BECTON and PHILLIPS concur.