Metcalf v. Palmer

PARKER, Judge. Defendants have attempted to appeal from an order entered pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 60(b)(1), setting aside a judgment which had dismissed plaintiffs’ action with prejudice for failure of plaintiffs’ counsel to appear when the case was called for trial. *624 The order appealed from is interlocutory. It does not affect any substantial right of defendants which cannot be protected by timely appeal from the trial court’s ultimate disposition of the entire controversy on the merits. Its only effect is to require defendants to face a trial on the merits, just as does an adverse ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, which “is in most cases, an interlocutory order from which no direct appeal may be taken.” State v. School, 299 N.C. 351, 355, 261 S.E. 2d 908, 911 (1980); accord, Auction Co. v. Myers, 40 N.C. App. 570, 253 S.E. 2d 362 (1979). The right to avoid one trial on the disputed issues is not normally a substantial right that would allow an interlocutory appeal. See, 57 N.C.L.R. 907. In Waters v. Personnel, Inc., 294 N.C. 200, 240 S.E. 2d 338 (1978), defendant appealed from an order of the trial court setting aside, because of procedural irregularity, a summary judgment which had been granted to the defendant. This Court entertained the appeal and reversed. Waters v. Personnel, Inc., 32 N.C. App. 548, 233 S.E. 2d 76 (1977). The Supreme Court granted plaintiff’s petition for discretionary review and in turn reversed the decision of this Court, holding that this Court erred in not dismissing defendant’s appeal sua sponte. In the opinion of the Supreme Court, written for the Court by Exum, J., the Court said: General Statutes 1-277 and 7A-27 in effect provide “that no appeal lies to an appellate court from an interlocutory order or ruling of the trial judge unless such ruling or order deprives the appellant of a substantial right which he would lose if the ruling or order is not reviewed before final judgment.” Consumers Power v. Power Co., 285 N.C. 434, 437, 206 S.E. 2d 178, 181 (1974); accord, Funderburk v. Justice, 25 N.C. App. 655, 214 S.E. 2d 310 (1975). An order is interlocutory “if it does not determine the issues but directs some further proceeding preliminary to final decree.” Greene v. Laboratories, Inc., 254 N.C. 680, 693, 120 S.E. 2d 82, 91 (1961). The reason for these rules is to prevent fragmentary, premature and un-necesary appeals by permitting the trial divisions to have done with a case fully and finally before it is presented to the appellate division. “Appellate procedure is designed to eliminate the unnecessary delay and expense of repeated fragmentary appeals, and to present the whole case for deter *625 mination in a single appeal from the final judgment.” Raleigh v. Edwards, 234 N.C. 528, 529, 67 S.E. 2d 669, 671 (1951). 294 N.C. at 207-08, 240 S.E. 2d at 343. In the present case the parties have not raised the question of appealability. However, “[w]here an appealing party has no right to appeal, an appellate court should on its own motion dismiss the appeal even though the question of appealability has not been raised by the parties themselves.” State v. School, supra, at 360, 261 S.E. 2d at 914. We recognize that our Supreme Court and this Court have historically entertained appeals from orders setting aside default judgments even though such orders are clearly interlocutory and only questionably may be considered as affecting a substantial right. See, Davis v. Mitchell,. 46 N.C. App. 272, 265 S.E. 2d 248 (Opinion filed 15 April 1980), and cases cited therein. We acknowledge that our holding in the present case is not altogether logically consistent with that practice. That practice, however, as an English Court once observed with reference to another doctrine, “is grown revered by age, and it is not now to be broken in upon,” Jee v. Audley, 1 Cox 324, 325, 29 Eng. Rep. 1186, 1187 (1787), and we have been reluctant to do so absent an express direction from our Supreme Court. See Davis v. Mitchell, supra. However, in light of what we perceive to be the clear signals transmitted by State v. School, supra; and Waters v. Personnel, Inc., supra, we do not think the practice should be extended to permit immediate appeal in the present case. Appeal dismissed. Chief Judge MORRIS and Judge WELLS concur.