State v. Curmon

MOORE, Justice. Under his first assignment of error defendant argues that the trial court committed prejudicial error (1) in failing to find facts, enter conclusions of law, and enter an order thereon upon defendant’s motion to dismiss based on violations of defendant’s rights under G.S. 15A-501, and (2) in denying defendant’s motion to dismiss due to alleged violations of G.S. 15A-501. Defendant specifically argues that his case should have been dismissed because his arresting officers allegedly failed to inform him of his right to communicate with friends pursuant to G.S. 15A-50H5). That provision says: “Upon the arrest of a person, with or without a warrant ... a law-enforcement officer: * * * (5) Must without unnecessary delay advise the person arrested of his right to communicate with counsel and friends and must allow him reasonable time and reasonable opportunity to do so.” *456 Prior to trial defendant submitted a written motion to dismiss for reasons (1) that his Miranda rights had been violated, (2) that certain physical evidence was taken from him without either his consent or a court order, and (3) “[t]hat the defendant’s rights were unconstitutionally infringed upon and violated between the time of his arrest without a warrant and the time of defendant’s initial appearance in Pitt County District Court.” Several days prior to defendant’s trial a hearing was held on this motion before Peel, J. After hearing evidence presented by both the State and defendant, Judge Peel found that various statements obtained from defendant were voluntarily made after he had been informed of and had waived his rights under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 16 L.Ed. 2d 694, 86 S.Ct. 1602 (1966), and that certain physical evidence was lawfully obtained from the defendant. Judge Peel then denied defendant’s motion to dismiss. Defendant does not take issue with the specific findings and conclusions of law actually made by Judge Peel. Instead he attacks the court’s order on grounds that the judge failed to find facts and enter conclusions of law concerning whether defendant was advised of his statutory right to communicate with friends upon his arrest. Defendant argues that the absence of such findings, plus the alleged failure of officers to so inform defendant of this right, now merits a reversal of his convictions. Defendant argues that Paragraph 3 of his motion, supra, raised the question whether his G.S. 15A-50H5) rights were violated. A reading of Paragraph 3 does not, in fact, so indicate. Instead Paragraph 3 speaks of unspecified constitutional infringements. The trial court is under no duty to divine the meaning of such a vague assertion of violation of rights. This is especially so where defendant did not raise the issue at the hearing itself or later at trial. Defendant presented no evidence on this issue. There is nothing in the record to show that defendant was not informed of his right to communicate with friends or that he was denied this opportunity. It was defendant’s duty under G.S. 15A-95R2) to state the grounds of the motion. Not having done so, the issue was not properly before the trial court. Additionally, in view of the findings that defendant was informed of his Miranda rights, waived these rights, and voluntarily submitted his statement to police, we do not see how defendant could have suffered prejudice had he actually been denied his *457 statutory right to communicate with friends. A mere technical error will not entitle a defendant to a new trial; rather, it is necessary that the error be material and prejudicial. See State v. Alexander, 279 N.C. 527, 184 S.E. 2d 274 (1971); State v. Paige, 272 N.C. 417, 158 S.E. 2d 522 (1967). This Court also has held that a violation of the procedures of G.S. 15-47, the predecessor to G.S. 15A-501, does not affect the validity of a subsequent trial. See State v. McCloud, 276 N.C. 518, 173 S.E. 2d 753 (1970); State v. Hargett, 255 N.C. 412, 121 S.E. 2d 589 (1961). (But cf. State v. Hill, 277 N.C. 547, 178 S.E. 2d 462 (1971).) Finally, G.S. 15A-954(a)(4) provides that the court must dismiss the charges against a defendant where “[t]he defendant’s constitutional rights have been flagrantly violated and there is such irreparable prejudice to the defendant’s preparation of his case that there is no remedy but to dismiss the prosecution.” As stated in State v. Joyner, supra, “The provisions of G.S. 15A-954(a)(4) were intended to embody the holding of this Court in State v. Hill, 277 N.C. 547, 178 S.E. 2d 462 (1971). See Official Commentary to G.S. 15A-954. As is indicated in the Official Commentary, since the provision contemplates drastic relief, a motion to dismiss under its terms should be granted sparingly.” In present case defendant has not only failed to show irreparable prejudice to the preparation of his case, but he has also failed to show any evidence of a violation of his constitutional rights. This assignment is therefore overruled. Under his next assignment defendant insists that the trial court erred in its failure to declare a mistrial following the testimony of Dr. G. S. Satterfield. Dr. Satterfield examined the victim soon after the crimes had been committed against her. At trial he testified in detail as to Ms. Lincoln’s physical condition on the day of her examination. Thereafter the prosecutor asked the witness the following question: “. . . would you please describe her condition generally?” Counsel for defendant objected to the question and his objection was overruled. Dr. Satterfield then answered: “She was the most brutally beaten woman I have seen in my 19 years of doing Obstetrics and Gynecology.” Defendant objected and moved to strike. Defendant’s motion was granted. The trial judge then at length instructed the jury to disregard Dr. Satterfield’s answer and not to consider it in their deliberations. Defendant thereupon moved for a mistrial. This motion was denied. *458 Defendant now contends that his objection to the question should have been sustained due to the prosecutor’s bad faith in posing the question, and that his motion for mistrial should have been granted due to the insufficiency of the court’s curative instruction in eradicating prejudice to the defendant. We find no merit in these arguments. The prosecutor’s question was entirely proper and there is no evidence that it was asked merely to excite and prejudice the jury. The fact that this witness’s answer to the question was unresponsive does not amount to a showing of bad faith. The question itself was proper in that it amounted to a request for a general explanation of the physical condition of the victim. Hence there was no error in the trial judge’s overruling of defendant’s objection to the question. There is likewise no error in the trial court’s denial of defendant’s motion for mistrial. The allowance or refusal of a motion for mistrial in a criminal case less than capital rests largely in the discretion of the trial court, “and his ruling thereon (without findings of fact) is not reviewable without a showing of gross abuse of discretion.” State v. Daye, 281 N.C. 592, 189 S.E. 2d 481 (1972); State v. Battle, 267 N.C. 513, 148 S.E. 2d 599 (1966); State v. Pfeifer, 266 N.C. 790, 147 S.E. 2d 190 (1966). No such abuse of discretion is shown in present case. The fact that the jury had already heard from Ms. Lincoln the gruesome details of the assaults upon her, which testimony was corroborated by Deputy Stocks’ description of her physical condition and defendant’s own confession, indicates that any prejudice done the defendant by the answer was, at most, minimal. The granting of defendant’s motion to strike the answer and the proper curative instruction which ensued were sufficient to erase the prejudice, if any. For these reasons the trial court did not err in denying defendant’s motion for mistrial. Under his fourth and fifth assignments of error defendant argues that the trial court committed error in denying defendant’s motions for nonsuit on the charges of armed robbery and assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury. These same assignments were raised in State v. Joyner, supra, a companion case involving a co-perpetrator of the crimes. The arguments made by counsel for defendant in his brief are identical to those made by counsel in Joyner. The evidence against both men is substantially the same. Accordingly, on the basis of *459 the ruling and holdings of no error on these assignments in State v. Joyner, supra, these assignments are overruled. Defendant finally presents several formal assignments; to wit, that the trial court committed error in denying defendant’s motion to set the verdict aside, in denying defendant’s motion in arrest of judgment, and in denying defendant’s motion to dismiss. Defendant’s motion to dismiss has been found to be without merit in the Court’s discussion of this defendant’s first assignment of error. A motion to set aside the verdict is addressed to the discretion of the trial court, and a denial of the motion is not reviewable in absence of an abuse of discretion. State v. Lindley, 286 N.C. 255, 210 S.E. 2d 207 (1974). Defendant’s motion to set aside the verdicts of guilty concern the assault and armed robbery charges. Since we have found no error in the court’s denial of his motions for nonsuit on these two charges, we accordingly hold that defendant’s motion to set aside these verdicts was properly denied. Finally, a motion in arrest of judgment is based on the allegation of a fatal defect appearing on the face of the record. State v. Davis, 282 N.C. 107, 191 S.E. 2d 664 (1972). When error does not appear on the face of the record the judgment will be affirmed. State v. McNeil, 280 N.C. 159, 185 S.E. 2d 156 (1971). We have reviewed the record, and find no such fatal defects. Defendant’s motion in arrest of judgment was therefore properly denied. Our examination of the entire record discloses that defendant has had a fair trial, free from prejudicial error. No error.