People v. Likely

Holbrook, J. The defendants, George Likely and John Likely, were convicted of the crime of unarmed robbery 1 March 4, 1964, by the superior court for Grand Rapids without a jury. Defendants expressly waived trial by jury in writing. Defendants made a motion in the trial court to set aside the convictions and for a new trial. Prom the denial of said motion, defendants appeal. Defendants raise two questions viz.: (1) Was the finding on the issue tried without a jury clearly erroneous? (2) Should the witness Richard Keil be permitted to testify on rebuttal when he did not remain out of the courtroom during the testimony? Defendants claim as to the first question that the complaining witness in her testimony at the trial made inconsistent statements and also that her testimony on the trial when compared with that given at the preliminary examination showed inconsistencies. The complaining witness identified a picture shown to her several months before the trial as resembling *460 one of her assailants. This led to the positive identification of both of defendants at police headquarters when she was able to see them personally and hear their voices. In her testimony at the trial she identified a picture of John Likely, saying that it was George Likely. The complaining witness had not known either of the defendants personally and certainly did not know their names. This error of identifying a picture of one of the defendants or mistaking it as the other defendant could be of slight importance. The complaining witness in her testimony at the trial supplied additional detail of the acts and sayings of the defendants occurring at the time of the offense. All of the testimony or evidence need not be supplied at the preliminary examination and in any event, additional details of the event may be added at the trial even though they may not have been brought to mind and' given at the time of the preliminary examination. The record contains sufficient evidence which, if believed, supports a finding of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Stevens (1965), 1 Mich App 673; People v. Geddes (1942), 301 Mich 258; People v. Hallman (1941), 299 Mich 657. , The testimony introduced in support of defendants’ claim of alibi was not sufficient to create a reasonable doubt as a matter of law. The trier of the facts could believe the complaining witness and reject the testimony of the defendants and their supporting alibi witnesses or conclude that they were mistaken as to the element of time. People v. Loudenslager (1950), 327 Mich 718. In considering the second question of defendants, we find that the trial judge granted the,, motion of defendants ,to exclude all witnesses from the courtroom-during the trial. However, after the, first witness testified, the trial judge stated: *461 “All right, the witness may step down. I may say that any witness, that is, for both the people or the defense, after they have testified, they may. then stay in the courtroom.” The matter of sequestering of witnesses is discretionary with the court. People v. Burns (1887), 67 Mich 537; People v. Martin (1920), 210 Mich 139. Under similar circumstances where the witness had remained in the courtroom without permission of the court but allowed to testify on rebuttal, it was held not an abuse of discretion. People v. Piper (1897), 112 Mich 644. The order denying motion to set aside convictions and grant a new trial was correct. Judgments • of conviction affirmed. Fitzgerald, P. J., and T. G-. Kavanagh, J., concurred. Footnotes [1] CL 1948, § 750.530 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.798).