North Carolina State Bar v. Graves

HEDRICK, Judge. By his first assignment of error, defendant contends that the Hearing Committee’s Finding of Fact No. 5 was not supported by any competent evidence. We disagree. The record contains ample competent evidence that defendant advised Guthrie as indicated in the challenged finding. Guthrie testified that “Mr. Graves said to me that if they do subpoena me, then I should go and not say anything or plead the Fifth or just not show up for court.” Guthrie further testified that during the taped telephone conversation, “he [defendant] told me that I should plead the Fifth and not say anything and that if I did not say anything, they wouldn’t say anything against me.” Guthrie also testified that “I believe Mr. Graves told me that if I wasn’t subpoenaed I would not have to go to court. I told Officer Young that I had been told that if I had been subpoenaed, and I did go to court, I didn’t have to say anything.” Defendant himself testified that Guthrie and Smith had each denied being the driver of the car at the time of Smith’s arrest, and that in talking with Guthrie, defendant said that “somebody wasn’t telling the truth, and Mr. Guthrie agreed with that, that there could be only one person driving the car at the time of the accident.” Defendant also admitted that he told Guthrie, “Well, I’m not going to let her testify against you if you won’t testify against her.” Moreover, the recording of the telephone conversation, properly authenticated and admitted into evidence, contains the following exchange between defendant and Guthrie: GUTHRIE: They’ve subpoenaed me for court. I was *455 wondering what you wanted me to do. GRAVES: Well, Melton, it’s kind of like this. I don’t know who is telling the truth about it or not. I don’t know. She said you were driving. You say she was driving. If you were driving, of course, they can’t make you get up on the stand and say that you were. GUTHRIE: Yes. GRAVES: So the best thing to do is to get up there and say nothing. GUTHRIE: Uh-huh (yes). GRAVES: Just say, “I take the Fifth Amendment. I don’t have to answer.” You can see an attorney. Who is normally your attorney. GUTHRIE: I ain’t got no one in particular. GRAVES: How about Jim Vosburgh? You could just call him up on the phone or see him over there and kind of explain the situation to him. GUTHRIE: In other words, you want more or less what you were talking to me about today, right? GRAVES: Yes. GUTHRIE: Yes, I haven’t ever called an attorney or nothing. GRAVES: You see, Melton, they can’t prove who was driving. GUTHRIE: Uh-huh (yes). GRAVES: They can’t prove that she was driving. They can’t prove that you were driving if both of you keep your mouths shut. GUTHRIE: Okay, well, I ain’t fully made up my mind yet, but I thought I’d call you being they’d subpoenaed me and everything. GRAVES: Yes, well, see, I’m not going to let her testify against you, if you won’t testify against her. *456 GUTHRIE: Uh-huh (yes). GRAVES: Of course, you’ve got more to lose in this than she does. GUTHRIE: Yes. GRAVES: Because you have lost your license already, haven’t you? GUTHRIE: Uh-huh (yes). GRAVES: You think it over, Melton, and contact Jim Vosburgh if you’ve got any doubts about it. GUTHRIE: Okay, thank you, sir. GRAVES: Bye. Since the challenged finding is supported by competent evidence, that finding is binding on this Court, North Carolina State Bar v. Combs, 44 N.C. App. 447, 261 S.E.2d 207 (1980), and thus this assignment of error is without merit. Defendant next contends, based upon his second assignment of error, that the Hearing Committee erred in making Finding of Fact No. 7 because statements attributed to defendant in that finding were removed from “their clear and unmistakably innocent context.” After careful examination of the transcript of the recorded conversation, as quoted above, we are of the view, however, that the finding contains a sufficiently adequate summary of the material portions of the conversation, and that no statements were taken out of context. This assignment of error is meritless. By his third assignment of error, defendant contends that the Hearing Committee’s findings do not support its conclusion that defendant violated Disciplinary Rules 1-102(A)(5) and (6) of the Code of Professional Responsibility. Defendant makes the following arguments: (1) advising Guthrie to plead the Fifth Amendment if subpoenaed to testify or not to appear in court if not subpoenaed is ethical; (2) the cited Disciplinary Rules are not applicable to defendant’s conduct; and (3) the cited Disciplinary Rules are unconstitutional as applied to defendant under the Due Process Clauses and the Equal Protection Clauses of the United States Constitution and the North Carolina Constitution. We disagree. The Disciplinary Rules in question provide as follows: *457 (A) A lawyer shall not: (5) Engage in professional conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice. (6) Engage in any other professional conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to practice law. In the ordinary situation, telling a potential witness to plead the Fifth Amendment if subpoenaed, or to not appear in court if not subpoenaed, would not seem to be unethical. Certainly no disciplinary rule prevents the attorney from informing a potential witness as to his legal alternatives under the circumstances. In this case, however, the evidence tended to show that defendant did not simply inform Guthrie as to his legal rights to plead the Fifth Amendment and not to appear in court unless subpoenaed; defendant also attempted to influence Guthrie, a potential adverse witness, not to testify in order to prevent Miss Smith from being found the driver of the vehicle. By convincing Guthrie and Smith not to testify against each other, defendant would frustrate any prosecution of the case, as relevant evidence as to the identity of the driver would be hidden from view. Conduct by an attorney in influencing a potential witness not to testify by which relevant and material evidence is knowingly concealed at trial has been considered unethical. See 40 A.L.R.3d 169. In our view, intentionally encouraging the concealment of material facts relevant to the identity of the driver in a driving under the influence prosecution is prejudicial to the administration of justice, and since such conduct raises serious doubts about defendant’s desire to bring about a just result in such a prosecution, we think this conduct adversely reflects upon defendant’s fitness to practice law. Defendant’s argument as to the constitutionality of the cited Disciplinary Rules as applied to this case is likewise without merit. Citing Bazemore v. Board of Elections, 254 N.C. 398, 119 S.E.2d 637 (1961) for the proposition that a provision valid on its face may nonetheless be unconstitutional in its application to the particular case if the provision is administered in an arbitrary or discriminatory manner, defendant argues that the disciplinary rules were arbitrarily applied in this case, since defendant was not put on sufficient notice that his conduct would be unethical. While we agree with defendant’s interpretation of Bazemore v. Board of Elec *458 tions, supra, we disagree that the cited Disciplinary Rules were arbitrarily applied in the present case. Defendant should have known that encouraging a potential adverse witness not to testify would result in hinderance of the proper prosecution of the client’s case. Based on any set of evidence similar to that presented at the hearing, one could properly conclude that defendant’s actions would indeed be prejudicial to the administration of justice and would adversely reflect on defendant’s fitness to practice law. This assignment of error is thus .meritless. Defendant’s fourth assignment of error relates to the Hearing Committee’s order of public censure. Defendant contends that the order was arbitrary and unreasonably harsh punishment under the circumstances of this case. We do not agree. In the present case, defendant’s conduct was determined to be in violation of the North Carolina Code of Professional Responsibility and thus was “misconduct” as defined in G.S. § 84-28(b). Subsection (c) of that section sets forth the various punishments, differing in severity, that can be ordered by the Hearing Committee for misconduct as defined in subsection (b): (1) disbarment; (2) suspension for a period not exceeding three years; (3) public censure; or (4) private reprimand. The punishment ordered for defendant in this case ranks third in terms of severity, and essentially differs from the least severe censure only in that it is a public, rather than private, reprimand. Under the circumstances of this case, defendant was a licensed attorney with four years’ practicing experience. Whatever lack of overall experience he might have had from this relatively short period of time was offset by the “sink or swim” method of training to which he was subjected by his former associate, Mr. Scott. Defendant had practiced solely in the Washington, North Carolina, area in a trial practice principally involved with criminal law. The evidence at the hearing before the Hearing Committee tended to show that in representing a client, a client he had represented on prior occasions, in a pending criminal prosecution, defendant approached a potential adverse witness in an attempt to influence him not to testify against his client in exchange for the client’s not testifying against the witness. We believe the order of public censure was proper in this case. This assignment of error is without merit. Defendant’s seventh assignment of error is addressed to the court’s exclusion of evidence tendered by defendant that would purportedly have been in mitigation of the alleged misconduct and *459 would have shown defendant’s real intent. Defendant argues that he should have been allowed to testify to the following: (1) that Miss Smith had told him that she had not had any prior driving under the influence charges; (2) the reasons defendant believed Guthrie had admitted that he was driving the vehicle at the time of the accident; and (3) defendant’s knowledge of Guthrie’s criminal record at the time he investigated the accident. We do not agree. Defendant cites in support of his contention Article IX, § 14(19) of the Rules, Regulations, and Organization of the North Carolnia State Bar, which provides: If the charges of misconduct are established, the Hearing Committee shall then consider any evidence relevant to the discipline to be imposed, including the record of all previous misconduct for which the defendant has been disciplined in this State or any other jurisdiction and any evidence in mitigation of the offense. A summary of this evidence shall accompany the transcript of the hearing. This subsection, however, refers to proceedings after any charges of misconduct have been established; in the present case, defendant sought the introduction of the excluded evidence before any misconduct had been determined by the Hearing Committee, and the record contains nothing as to any attempted introduction of mitigating evidence after the determination of misconduct. The admissibility of the excluded testimony is thus governed by subsection (17) of § 14, which in pertinent part provides: “In any hearing admissibility of evidence shall be governed by the rules of evidence applicable in the superior courts of the State at the time of the hearing.” Under those rules, the excluded evidence was irrelevant to the question of whether defendant engaged in misconduct, and the Hearing Committee properly denied its admission. This assignment of error is without merit. We have reviewed defendant’s remaining assignments of error and find them to be without merit. Affirmed. Judges Clark and Whichard concur.