Leonard v. Pugh

HEDRICK, Chief Judge. Plaintiffs first contend the trial court erred in granting the answering defendants’ motion to dismiss pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(6). Plaintiffs argue in support of this contention that the allegations in the complaint are sufficient to state a claim to have the easement across their tract extinguished. We agree. A complaint is deemed sufficient to withstand a motion to dismiss pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 12(b)(6) where no insurmountable bar to recovery appears on the face of the complaint and the complaint’s allegations give adequate notice of the nature and extent of the claim. Deitz v. Jackson, 57 N.C. App. 275, 291 S.E. 2d 282 (1982). A complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond doubt that plaintiff could prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief. Property Owners Assoc. v. Curran and Property Owners Assoc. v. Williams, 55 N.C. App. 199, 284 S.E. 2d 752 (1981), disc. rev. denied, 305 N.C. 302, 291 S.E. 2d 151 (1982). In the present case, defendants Pugh hold an easement across plaintiffs’ property pursuant to instruments executed by J. W. and Daisy Lambeth granting “the use of a passage along a certain alley or driveway, . . . along the East side of the lot of T. A. Finch and Ernestine Finch which is [used/to be used] as á dwelling lot. . . .” Plaintiffs argue that this language in the instruments restricts the use of the easement to residential purposes. Plaintiffs alleged in their complaint that defendants Pugh had ceased using the easement and lot for residential purposes and are now using it for commercial purposes, and that such use overburdens the easement across their property. Assuming argu-endo that plaintiffs’ interpretation of the language in the instruments is correct, plaintiffs’ complaint has stated a claim to have *210 the easement extinguished. See, Sparrow v. Tobacco Co., 232 N.C. 589, 61 S.E. 2d 700 (1950); 2 G. Thompson, REAL PROPERTY Sec. 444 (repl. ed. 1961). We find this language in the instruments so ambiguous, however, that we are unable to hold as a matter of law that it creates an easement which is restricted to use for residential purposes. An easement is an interest in land and is generally created by deed; an easement created by deed is a contract. Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Light Co., 257 N.C. 717, 127 S.E. 2d 539 (1962). The controlling purpose of the court in construing such contracts, is to determine the intent of the parties at the time it was made. Id. Where the language of a contract granting an easement is clear and unambiguous, the construction of the agreement is a matter for the court and reference to matters outside the contract itself is not required for a correct construction. Price v. Bunn, 13 N.C. App. 652, 187 S.E. 2d 423 (1972). However, if the language is uncertain or ambiguous, the court may consider all the surrounding circumstances, including those existing when the document was drawn, those existing during the term of the instrument, and the construction which the parties have placed on the language, so that the intention of the parties may be ascertained and given effect. Century Communications v. Housing Authority of City of Wilson, 313 N.C. 143, 326 S.E. 2d 261 (1985). Extrinsic evidence is admissible in such cases to explain the terms of a written agreement, but not to add to, distract from, or vary the terms. Id. Ambiguous contracts must be interpreted by a jury under proper instructions of the law. Id.; Hanner v. Power Co., 34 N.C. App. 737, 239 S.E. 2d 594 (1977). Since the nature of the easement granted in the instruments in the present case is unclear, the trial court erred in granting defendant’s motion to dismiss. Plaintiffs further contend the trial court erred by not entering judgment by default on their claim to have the easement extinguished against the non-answering defendants. We disagree. Where a complaint alleges a joint claim against more than one defendant, default judgment pursuant to G.S. 1A-1, Rule 55 should not be entered against a defaulting defendant until all defendants have defaulted; or if one or more do not default then, generally, entry of default judgment should await an adjudication *211 as to the liability of the non-defaulting defendants. Harris v. Carter, 33 N.C. App. 179, 234 S.E. 2d 472 (1977). If joint liability is decided against the defending party in favor of the plaintiff, the plaintiff is entitled to judgment against all defendants. Id. If, however, joint liability is decided against the plaintiff, the complaint should be dismissed as to all defendants. Id. In the present case, therefore, judgment on this claim against the non-answering defendants may be properly entered only if judgment is entered in favor of plaintiff against the answering defendants after further proceedings upon remand. For the foregoing reasons, the orders dismissing plaintiffs’ claim to have the easement extinguished are reversed and the cause is remanded to the Superior Court for further proceedings as to this claim. Reversed and remanded. Judges PHILLIPS and ORR concur.