Humphries v. Cone Mills Corp.

BECTON, Judge. The scope of appellate review of an award made by the Commission is limited by the Workers’ Compensation Act to “errors of law under the same terms and conditions as govern appeals from the superior court to the Court of Appeals in ordinary civil actions.” G.S. 97-86. The Commission’s award is “conclusive and binding [on this court] as to all questions of fact.” Id. Our review for errors of law requires a “two fold determination of whether the Commission’s findings are supported by any competent evidence and whether its subsequent legal conclusions are justified by those findings. See Barham v. Food World, Inc., 300 N.C. 329, 266 S.E. 2d 676 (1980); Walston v. Burlington Industries, 49 N.C. App. 301, 271 S.E. 2d 516 (1980).” Buck v. Procter & Gamble, 278 N.C. App. 268, 52 S.E. 2d 88 (1981). Defendants argue that Humphries’ evidence (1) fails to establish that his disease was caused by the conditions of his employment, and (2) fails to establish that he is permanently disabled by the disease. Humphries’ claim was brought under the provision of G.S. 97-53(13) which deems an occupational disease to be: Any disease . . . which is proven to be due to causes and conditions which are characteristic of and peculiar to a particular trade, occupation or employment, but excluding all ordinary diseases of life to which the general public is equally exposed outside of the employment. (Emphasis added.) This statute in no way requires that the conditions of employment be the exclusive cause of the disease in order to be compen- *615 sable. In Booker v. Medical Center, 297 N.C. 458, 256 S.E. 2d 189 (1979), Chief Justice Sharp interpreted the language of G.S. 97-53(13) to mean that “[a] disease is ‘characteristic’ of a profession when there is a recognizable link between the nature of the job and an increased risk of contracting the disease in question.” (Emphasis added.) 297 N.C. at 472, 256 S.E. 2d at 198. Moreover, Booker holds that the disease need not be one which “originates exclusively from the particular kind of employment in which the employee is engaged, but rather . . . employment must result in a hazard which distinguishes it in character from the general run of occupations. . . .” Id. at 473, 256 S.E. 2d at 199. Defendants argue that the evidence presented only shows, at best, that plaintiffs condition was aggravated by the conditions of his employment, not caused by them. Our reading of the record is otherwise. Dr. Sieker, Humphries’ treating physician and an expert in the field of respiratory disease, testified: “It is my opinion that the cotton dust exposure contributed to his bron-chopulmonary disease.” On cross examination after discussing the contributory effects of cigarette smoking, Dr. Sieker pointed out that “it’s possible to say that both [smoking and cotton dust exposure] were contributing factors” in causing the disease, but once Humphries stopped smoking in 1969, “he was still exposed to cotton dust, he had progression of symptoms so the cotton dust of itself must have been a factor in causing trouble.” Dr. Herbert A. Saltzman, an expert in the field of occupational disease, testified that based on his examination of Hum-phries, “it is more likely than not that [Humphries’] condition is due to byssinosis [a respiratory disease common to textile mill workers].” The testimony of Drs. Sieker and Saltzman is competent evidence which supports the Commission’s finding that the nature and condition of Humphries’ employment caused him to contract, or at least increased the risk of his contracting, an obstructive respiratory disease. Defendants also claim that Humphries fails to establish that he is permanently disabled. Defendants concede that Dr. Sieker is competent to offer an opinion concerning Humphries’ degree of disability from certain physical activities. The defendants claim, however, that Dr. Sieker, over objection, was improperly permitted to give his opinion on the ultimate issue in the case —whether *616 Humphries was unable to work at all —and that an improper foundation was laid for the hypothetical opinion question asked of Dr. Sieker. Regardless of the merits of defendants’ objection to this question, no objection was made at trial when Dr. Sieker testified that: Subsequent to March, 1976, I had occasion to send further correspondence with regard to his disability. That was on 15 February 1978. The letter dated 15 February 1978 says that I confirm a conversation with the insurance company, Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company, of that date, February 15, 1978, and it indicates that I consider Mr. Hum-phries permanently disabled because of his severe lung disease. The last physician statement was dated August 8, 1977, again stating that he was permanently disabled. It is well established that if an objection is not made when a question is asked and the answer given, the right to have that evidence excluded on appeal is waived. Johnson v. Lamb, 273 N.C. 701, 161 S.E. 2d 131 (1968). Moreover, Dr. Saltzman testified: “I think that [Humphries] was significantly disabled at the time of my assessment [on 19 September 1977].” And, Humphries testified that just prior to retirement, he could not walk from one end of the weave room to the other without having to rest; that he had to rest when climbing as few as five steps in his trailer; and that he could only sleep an hour and a half at a time because of his congestion. Given the expert testimony in the record and Hum-phries’ own testimony about his physical condition, the Industrial Commission had before it competent evidence to support its finding that Humphries was permanently disabled. The evidence presented, then, supports the Commission’s findings that Humphries’ disease was caused by the conditions of his employment and that this occupational disease was sufficiently severe to permanently disable him. These findings, taken as true, are competent to support the Commission in concluding as a matter of law that Humphries’ disease is compensable under the Workers’ Compensation Act and that he is entitled to compensation for permanent and total disability. Based upon this determination, the Opinion and Award of the Industrial Commission are *617 Affirmed. Judge Martin (Robert M.) and Judge Whichard concur.