Adams v. Killeen

SWANSTROM, Judge. This appeal arises from the dismissal of an inmate’s petition for writ of habeas corpus. James Adams was convicted of forgery in October 1987 and received a sentence of seven years. The sentence was suspended and Adams was placed on probation. As a condition of the probation Adams was required to serve one year in the Ada County jail, during which time he could not violate any jail rules. In January 1988 Adams was involved in a dispute with a jailer which resulted in a jail disciplinary hearing. Adams was accused of committing rule violations. A hearing officer found Adams had violated the rules. As a result Adams was denied visitation and commissary privileges for three weeks and was placed on twenty-three hour lock down for the duration of his incarceration. Adams subsequently filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus, claiming that the hearing had been conducted in violation of the county jail hearing guidelines. Specifically, Adams alleged that the jail disciplinary hearing had not taken place within a required seventy-two hour period from the time the hearing was requested. A magistrate denied the petition. He concluded that the failure to hold the jail disciplinary hearing within the time requirements contained in the county’s jail manual did not invalidate the entire hearing process. Adams appealed the magistrate’s order to the district court. The case was assigned to District Judge Schwartzman. During this time separate probation violation proceedings were instituted against Adams in the criminal case. A hearing was conducted by District Judge G.D. Carey. The judge made a finding that Adams had violated jail rules and consequently had also violated the conditions of his probation. Judge Carey revoked the probation and ordered the balance of *1035 Adams’ suspended seven-year sentence for forgery to be executed. Adams was removed from the Ada County jail and transferred to the Idaho State Correctional Institution (ISCI). Following this transfer Judge Schwartzman dismissed Adams’ ha-beas corpus appeal as moot. Adams now appeals this order, arguing that the district court erred in ruling that his transfer to the penitentiary rendered the issues raised by his petition moot. We affirm. In general, a case becomes moot when the issues presented are no longer “live” or the parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome. Murphy v. Hunt, 455 U.S. 478, 102 S.Ct. 1181, 71 L.Ed.2d 353 (1982). At least two exceptions to the mootness doctrine have evolved: the “collateral consequences” exception and “capable of repetition, yet evading review” exception. Id.; Russell v. Fortney, 111 Idaho 181, 722 P.2d 490 (Ct.App.1986). Adams contends only that the “collateral consequences” exception is applicable here. A criminal case will be found moot only if it is shown that there is no possibility that any collateral legal consequences will be imposed on the basis of the challenged conviction. Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 88 S.Ct. 1912, 20 L.Ed.2d 917 (1968); Smith v. State, 94 Idaho 469, 491 P.2d 733 (1971). This is true even where the unlawful conditions of detention or term of imprisonment imposed by the challenged conviction have ended. See Russell v. Fortney, supra. This rule also applies where “the alleged collateral consequences flow not from a conviction, but from [a] prison disciplinary action affecting the terms of the prisoner’s present or future restraint.” Calkins v. May, 97 Idaho 402, 403, 545 P.2d 1008, 1009 (1976). Adams argues that his challenged jail disciplinary hearing had, as collateral legal consequences, the subsequent revocation of his probation and the ordered execution of his original sentence. We are not persuaded. The record does not support Adams' argument that his probation was revoked as a result of his jail disciplinary hearing. The record shows instead that, at the probation violation hearing, the state produced testimony resulting in an independent determination by Judge Carey that Adams had violated the Ada County jail rules. The transcript of the probation violation hearing shows that the conclusions of the jail disciplinary hearing officer were not accepted into evidence nor utilized by Judge Carey in his ultimate finding that Adams had violated terms of probation by committing violations of the Ada County jail rules. Although the jail disciplinary officer had previously found Adams in violation of the jail rules, the effect of his determination extended no further than the revocation of certain county jail privileges. The hearing officer’s decision did not provide the basis for Adams’ subsequent probation revocation. When Adams was transferred to the ISCI the conditions of detention imposed as a result of the jail disciplinary hearing ended. No collateral consequences from this disciplinary hearing remained and in turn Adams’ petition for writ of habeas corpus was rendered moot. Adams has raised two ancillary issues dealing with the jail disciplinary hearing which we need not discuss. The district court order dismissing Adams’ appeal is affirmed. WALTERS, C.J., and BURNETT, J., concur.