Valley Ready-Mix Concrete Co. of McAllen v. Valley State Bank

' NORVELL, Justice. In the judgment appealed from, plaintiffs, Valley Ready-Mix -Concrete -Company of McAllen, Zarsky Lumber Company of McAllen and H. M. Trusse-1, were awarded Recoveries ■-for ■ the sums of $1,374.65, $1-,694.33 -and $1,101.04, respectively, plus attorney’s -fees, against defendant -Charles W. Martin. . No appeal was taken -from this .portion -of the judgment. Plaintiffs, however, were denied a recovery against defendants Val-ley State'Bank and William H. McDonald, and were denied a foreclosure of their asserted constitutional mate-rialman's liens a-gáinsf Lot '5 and the South one-half of Lot 4, Block 2, Orange Grove Addition, out of Lot 189 of the Kelly-Pharr Subdivision -of Porciones 69 and 70, Hidal-go ¡County, Texas. (The -building upon this tract of land is referred to as '“J-ob No. 5” in the briefs.) H. W. Trassel was denied -a recovery of -his -asserted -constitutional material-man’s lien -against Lot 6, and the North 20 feet -of. Lot 7, Block 2, Oran-ge Grove Addition out of Lot 189 of said Kelly-Pharr Subdivision. (The building on this tract is referred to as “Job No. 2” in the briefs.) The -parties will be designated as in the trial court. Plaintiffs-, as appellants, submit seventeen points of error, which are -answered -by one -counterpoint, which asserts that, “The -Court -did not err in -rendering judgment for t-he defendant because the defendant Valley State Bank was an innocent purchaser ¡for value without notice of plaintiffs’ -purported constitutional lien, -if -any.” The defendant bank -also briefly replies to plaintiffs’ Twelfth Point, which we set out hereafter. Rule 419, T.R.C.P., provides that, “any ■statement' made by appellant in his original brief as to the facts -or the record -may be accepted by the -court as correct unless challenged by opposing party.” We -apply this rule here. From the unchallenged statements contained in plaintiffs’ brief, it appears that ea-ch defendant had a v-alid -constitutional material-man’s lien against the premises -above described. Article 16, § 37, -Constitution of Texas, Vernon’s Ann.St. Farmers and Mechanics Nat’l. Bank of Ft. Worth v. Taylor, 91 Tex. 78, 40 S.W. 876, 966. The defendant -bank bases its case here upon the counter point which sets up its claim -as an innocent purchaser -for value. Plaintiffs’ twelfth ¡point asserts that “this -case sho-uM be rev'ersed because the trial court erroneously allowed appellee Bank to offer evidence that it was an innocent purchaser as a-gainst -appellants’ unrecorded lien cl-aims, over -appellants’ -objection that ‘innocent purchaser’ had not been pleaded.” In their first amended original petit-ion plaintiffs set up the itemized accounts o-f the three -claimants and -alleged that they had -furnished certain materials -and services to Charles W. Martin, which were used -on “Job -N-o. 5,” an-d that H. M. Trussel, in -addition to the materials and services furnished -for “Job No. 5,'” had also ¡furnished materials for the Martin “Job No. 2.” The allegation as to the defendant bank was th-at plaintiffs “have been -informed that the sai-d Valley Staté Bank claims some interest in said properties, which interest is in all things inferior to the rights of the plaintiffs.” The petition contained a second count, wherein it was alleged that Martin had entered into certain materialman’s lien con *233 tracts with William H. McDonald, covering the tracts of land involved (Jobs Nos. 2 and 5) and asserted that .plaintiffs were third party ‘beneficiaries under said contracts 'and prayed 'for a recovery upon this theory. The answer to the merits filed by the bank was as follows: “Further answering herein, comes this Defendant and says that it has no knowledge whatever as to the justness of the acts mentioned in Plaintiff’s petition but upon information and belief, this ‘ Defendant alleges that the accounts each and all are incorrect and do not correctly reflect the merchandise furnished nor the amounts due and party (sic.) denies that the same were .‘furnished for the particular house which they allege to have been -furnished, shows and particularly that same were furnished upon the date mentioned, and particularly denies that same constitutes a lien upon any property described in Plaintiff’s petition.” In developing their case, the plaintiffs introduced m evidence the McDonald mate-rialman’s lien contracts affecting Jobs Nos. 2 and 5, together with assignments thereof to Valley State Bank. • Shortly after plaintiffs, rested, the de-. fendants sought to introduce in evidence two deeds dated May 21, 1948, executed by Martin and conveying Lot 5 and the south half o-f Lot 4, Block 2 of the Orange Grove Addition (Job No. S) and Lot 6 and the North 20 feet of Lot 7, Block 2, Orange Grove Addition (Job No. 2), to Valley State Bank. We quote from the statement of ‘facts: “Mr. Oxford (Attorney for defendants) ■: We would'like to introduce ■ the ■ deeds in evidence as Defendants’ Exhibits 1 and 2. “Mr. Johnson (Attorney for plaintiffs) : We would like to object to the admission of the deeds on the grounds that that Is'a hearsay transaction between the defendants 'in the case. There is an absence of pleadings affirmative or otherwise to support the admission and should not be admitted for any purpose, particularly to show innocent purchaser. “The Court: What do the pleadings reflect with respect to that? ■ “Mr. Oxford: I have got one. I thought I filed it with the Court. I find, however, a motion to dismiss the motion and quash. In ray trial -amendmént I asked for affirmative relief and also asked for cancellation o<f the lien. “The Court: That was in the nature-of a general denial. Under the general issue, there is no showing that there is any burden of showing what the plaintiffs might show or could show -in the matter. The plaintiffs have the burden of showing and proving affirmatively something else. Now he shows, if he is allowed to show the lien and you-' will show documentary evidence that he -had the lien as, you contend prior to your lien.. ' . “Mr. Oxford: He is setting up that Martin is the owner of this property and we will show that’Martin is not the owner, because Martin had sold this property long prior to that time. If there is any question about that,'I would-like permission1 of the Court to- file a trial "amendment. “The Court: Overrule-the objection. “Defendant thereupon introduced his exhibits 1 and 2i found on pages 69 et seq., infra. “Mr, Johnson: If the evidence is offered, we would like to take exception -and would also like to file a trial amendment “Mr. .Oxford: That will not be necessary.” ■ Shortly after the occurrence above set out, the following transpired-: “Q. (By Mr Oxford) 'Now tell the Court what prompted you to ‘have him make these deeds, two or three deeds, to you on May 21st? “Mr. Johnson: I would like to object further in regard to1 the deeds on the grounds that I objected earlier as to admission of ■any evidence with regard to the deeds, and would tike for my objections to carry through wi this case, particularly to show innocent purchaser. I do not like to bob u.p and object every time, and would like for my objection t-o carry to all similar evidence. ■ “The Court: Counsellor, the Court thinks that you are- entitled to a general'objection *234 that will cover all of the evidence of that nature that may be offered and the Court ■has stated that it is a matter being1 tried before the Court without a jury so that it may be ^presented. The -Court will invite your arguments on this at the end of the trial, but will overrule your objection for the sake: of giving you a record on -it but will allow your o-bj e-ctio-n and exception generally to the testimony.” Over this abjection of counsel, evidence w-as introduced ¡which forms the basis for the 'following, which we quote 'from the trial judge’s findings: “Prior to May 21, 1948, the Defendant Valley State Bank bought another Mate-rialman’s note executed by Martin on a Lot in McAllen, where Martin was supposed to build another house. And the bank actually advanced $12,000.00 or $13,000.00 with which to- build said house and after advancing the money discovered that the money had all -been used and that Martin had not built the house in McAllen nor even started to. build the house, but had used the ■money in building Jobs #2 and #5, and in other places and on May 21, 1948, the Defendant Valley State Bank demanded of Martin that he convey to- the Bank all the .-property which he owned in satisfaction of an' indebtedness due by Martin to the Bank of some $12,000.00 to $13,000.00 and said Martin did convey the -property' in controversy herein alon-g with other property to the bank in cancellation and satisfaction of all indebtedness due by Martin to the bank. This being done on May 21, 1948.” The trial judge concluded as a matter of law, that: “The Bank was an innocent purchaser for val'u'c of the property in -controversy herein and had no knowledge whatever at the time of the conveyance-on May 21, 1948, of any claims of Plaintiff and that the Bank’s claim to the property is superior t-o any claims asserted -by Plaintiffs.” -.Regardless of any question .of priorities as between plaintiffs liens and the assignees of the McDonald materialman’s lien contracts, ■ it- seems, clear that plaintiffs’ claims .against .the real .property involved would not be totally defeated (as -provided for in the judgment -appealed from) unless it were established that the Valley State Bank was an innocent purchaser for value of the property without notice of plaintiffs’ liens. Under certain circumstances, the law will presume that a party is an innocent purchaser for value, and in such instances a party may generally rely upon his right as •a bo-na fide purchaser without pleading it. Ordinarily, however, there is “no presumption that the purchaser paid a valuable consideration and purchased without notice.” 43 Tex.Jur. 687. It will not be presumed here that Valley State Bank, holding under -deeds fr-om Martin, was a -bona fide purchaser as against plaintiffs who are asserting constitutional liens against the property as material-men. “One who woul-d rely upon the defense that he is a bona fide purchaser must plead the facts -constituting that defense.” 43 Tex.Jur. 686, § 404. In Kurz v. Soliz, Tex.Civ.App., 231 S.W. 424, 425, it was stated by -Chief Justice Fly of this Court, that even though the proof should show th-at a party was an innocent purchaser, “it woul-d profit him nothing, because he did not plead .that he was an innocent purchaser.” In American Jurisprudence it is said that, “it is ordinarily held unnecessary for the -complainant to allege in ■his bill that the -purchaser is not a bona fide purchaser; that right to protection as a bona fide purchaser is ordinarily regarded as an affirmative defense, and it is held that a defendant who would avail himself of such defense -must -put it in issue by his pleadings. It can be set up -by way Of answer, a-gainst a plaintiff asserting a prior •equitable claim, as well as by a plea in bar. ■Of course,'the pleader must make a full statement of all the fa-cts and circumstances of his case,, so that the court may be -a-ble to do perfect -equity between the parties, and must state all the essential elements .required to establish his status as such a ■purchaser.” 55 Am.Jur. 1124, § 768. The allegation in the petition to the effect that the claims of Valley State Bank in and to the property were inferior to plaintiffs’ -claim did not raise the defense of -innocent purchaser, for value on behalf of the ¡bank. Plaintiffs were entitled to bring the bank into the suit in order that its rights *235 might ibe adjudicated, but they were not required to and did not p'lead said hank’s affirmative defenses for it. The pleadings of the bank wholly failed to invoke the defense. It therefore appears that all matters relating to the conveyances by Martin to the bank in settlement of liability growing out of a McAllen transaction were wholly unsupported by the pleadings. In reply to plaintiffs’ twelfth point, the bank contends that it was unnecessary for it to pjead the defense of an innocent purchaser. We have disposed of this contention. It is further suggested that in some way plaintiffs have waived the pleading requirement. No authorities are cited-in support of the theory of waiver, nor does the brief contain specific references to the statement of facts pointing out the evidence relied upon to support the theory of waiver. The lack of pleading upon the issue was not waived in the presentation of plaintiffs’ main case, and we find in the record no support for the assertion that plaintiffs waived their objection to the admissibility of testimony because of a lack of proper pleading. It can not be contended that plaintiffs expressly or impliedly consented to the trial of the issue of innocent purchaser on the part of the bank, in accordance with the provisions of Rule 67, T.R.C.P. The record shows objection and not consent to the trial of the issue without proper pleading. Plaintiffs insist in their brief that had the bank been permitted to amend, they also would have desired to file a trial amendment and, consequently, they object to the bank’s receiving all the benefits of an amendment setting up the plea of innocent purchaser, without their being afforded ah opportunity to answer the. same by proper pleading. Plaintiffs did not waive their objection by combatting the evidence admitted over said objection as best they could under the circumstances. It is our opinion that plaintiffs’ 'objection was good when made, and not having been waived, it is effective now. Plaintiffs’ twelfth point is sustained. We find no error in the judgment insofar as William H. McDonald is concerned. Because of the admission of testimony over proper objection, a remand of the case is necessary. We need not discuss further matters raised -by the briefs. There being no appeal from that part of the judgment awarding plaintiffs a recovery against Charles W. Martin, that portion of the judgment is not disturbed.There being no error-in that part of-the judgment denying plaintiffs a recovery against William H. McDonald, that portion of the judgment is affirmed. Because of the error pointed out, that part of the judgment denying plaintiffs a foreclosure of their assorted liens as against Valley State Bank and adjudicating the respective rights-of plaintiffs and said bank is -reversed, and the cause relating to said issues and parties is remanded to the district court for new trial. Affirmed in part, reversed in part. BROETER, J., not participating.