Luberski v. North

Beasley, P.J. On May 13, 1981, plaintiff, Rose E. Luberski, brought suit for damages against defendants Carmen North and Sheila Thorne, doing business as Adams Corner, and Ohio Casualty *677 Insurance Company under the Michigan dramshop statute. 1 The trial court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(1), now MCR 2.116(C)(8), finding that plaintiff, as a matter of law, had not alleged that she had been "injured by a visibly intoxicated person” as required by the dramshop statute. Plaintiff appeals as of right. The factual setting for this dramshop action is unusual, in that plaintiff is the mother of the intoxicated person and claims injury due to her 25-year-old son’s death. On the evening of June 27, 1980, plaintiff’s son was a patron at Adams Corner, defendants’ bar. He was allegedly served while visibly intoxicated at defendants’ bar. He left the bar and went home at approximately 2:00 a.m. At about 6:00 a.m., he was found dead in his home. An autopsy performed on him by the medical examiner revealed that he had died from narcotic abuse. Three types of intoxicants were found in the body — morphine, quinine, and alcohol. Plaintiff brings this action under the dramshop statute in her own name, seeking recovery for loss of her son’s love, support, companionship and society, and for the expenses she incurred for her son’s funeral. Plaintiff alleges that, under the dramshop statute, the alcohol served to her son by defendants was a proximate cause of his death and her resulting injuries. Plaintiff points out that she was neither a patron in defendants’ bar nor did she pay for the alcoholic beverages consumed by her son in defendants’ bar. At the outset, the trial court correctly noted that plaintiff’s son could not maintain a dramshop action against defendants since he was at fault *678 himself in becoming intoxicated. 2 Based on this proposition, the trial court concluded that plaintiff-mother could not recover damages from defendants under the dramshop statute for her personal damages flowing from her intoxicated son’s death. Specifically, the trial court held that, as a matter of law, plaintiff was not "injured in person or property, means of support or otherwise by a visibly intoxicated person”, as required by §5 of the dramshop statute. The trial court interpreted the 1973 case of Pesola v Pawlowski 3 to require the intoxicated person to be a tortfeasor in relation to the plaintiff in a dramshop action. Since, as a matter of law, plaintiffs son was not a tortfeasor inflicting a tort injury upon his mother (plaintiff), such as a car accident in which his mother was injured by his drunken driving, the trial court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). The trial court’s application of the Pesola decision to this case was erroneous. In setting out the four requirements necessary for maintaining a dramshop action, the use of the term "tortfeasor” in Pesola did not constitute a fifth requirement. The term "tortfeasor” was merely used in order to apply the four requirements to the factual situation of the Pesola case where a tortfeasor definitely caused the plaintiffs injury. Furthermore, the trial court’s interpretation of Pesola is contrary to a line of cases in the Court which hold that the intoxicated person causing injury to a plaintiff in a dramshop action does not have to be a tortfeasor in relation to the plaintiff. This Court has clearly stated that, while an intoxicated person cannot himself sue under the dram- *679 shop act, his parents, children, or spouse can sue in their own names (for support, loss of companionship, etc.) as injured, innocent parties for purposes of the dramshop statute. 4 This Court has addressed this issue in the recent opinion of Newman v Hoholik 5 reaffirming the decisions in Scholten v Rhoades 6 and Schutz v Murphy 7 noted above. In Newman, the Court then went on to address whether a 1972 amendment to the dramshop statute [MCL 436.22(5); MSA 18.993(5)] required the plaintiff to name and retain his father as a defendant, since his father was the intoxicated person who caused damage to plaintiff by his death, which resulted from intoxication. In Newman, the Court found that plaintiff was not required, under Putney v Haskins, 8 to name his deceased father as a defendant in his dram-shop action. The Court held that plaintiff could properly maintain a dramshop action against the bar owner (Hoholik) for loss of support and companionship in such a situation, saying: "And since, in our opinion, it is, indeed, a good and sensible law which permits an injured person to maintain a dramshop action without naming and retaining as a party defendant a close family member against whom the plaintiff has no cause of action, we hold that John E. Newman was not required to name and retain his father in order to maintain his action against the defendant Hoholik.” Newman, supra, p 72. Therefore, in Newman, this Court reversed the *680 trial court’s grant of summary judgment for the defendant bar owners under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). Thus, Newman is authority for the proposition that, in the within case, the trial court erred in granting the defendants’ motion for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(1). The dramshop statute states in relevant part: "A wife, husband, child, parent, guardian, or other person injured in person, property, means of support, or otherwise, by a visibly intoxicated person by reason of the unlawful selling, giving, or furnishing of intoxicating liquor to the person, if the sale is proven to be a proximate cause of the injury or death, shall have a right of action in his or her name against the person who by the selling, giving, or furnishing the liquor has caused or contributed to the intoxication of the person or who has caused or contributed to the injury.” MCL 436.22(5); MSA 18.993(5). A motion based on GCR 1963, 117.2(1) challenges the legal sufficiency of the complaint and is to be considered by an examination of the pleadings alone. 9 Our review of plaintiffs pleadings in this case leads us to conclude that plaintiff has properly alleged facts which, if proved at trial, will support an action under the dramshop statute. Under the decisions of this Court noted above, plaintiff has sufficiently pled facts that establish she has been "injured in person or property, means of support, or otherwise, by a visibly intoxicated person”. We also note that under the present record in this case, material issues of fact do exist as to whether the consumption of alcohol was a proximate cause of the death of plaintiffs son. Thus, it *681 would appear that even if the trial court had granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(3), the ruling would have been erroneous. Reversed and remanded. Footnotes [1] MCL 436.22(5); MSA 18.993(5). [2] Pesola v Pawlowski, 45 Mich App 516; 206 NW2d 780 (1973); Kangas v Suchorski, 372 Mich 396; 126 NW2d 803 (1964). [3] Supra. [4] Scholten v Rhoades, 67 Mich App 736, 740-741; 242 NW2d 509 (1976); Ciemierek v Jim’s Garage, 90 Mich App 565, 569; 282 NW2d 396 (1979), lv den 407 Mich 870 (1979); Schutz v Murphy, 99 Mich App 386; 297 NW2d 676 (1980). [5] 138 Mich App 66, 72; 359 NW2d 253 (1984). [6] Supra. [7] Supra. [8] 414 Mich 181; 324 NW2d 729 (1982). [9] Palomba v City of East Detroit, 112 Mich App 209, 215; 315 NW2d 898 (1982).