People v. Jarboe

McGregor, J. A warrant authorized by an assistant prosecuting attorney of the county was issued by a justice of the peace upon a complaint charging the appellant and another person with the crime of forgery 1 and uttering and publishing a forged instrument. 2 On February 4, 1964, the appellant was arraigned in circuit court, advised of his rights, waived the reading of the information, stood mute, a plea of not *478 guilty was entered, and at that time the court appointed counsel for the appellant. After three or four conferences between the appointed counsel and the appellant at the county jail, on February 21, 1964, the appellant with his counsel appeared before the circuit court. Appellant’s counsel informed the court that his client wished to plead guilty to the charge of uttering and publishing a forged instrument, and the plea was accepted' by the court. The charge of forgery was dropped. At the time of sentencing, the appellant’s counsel was not in court because of the hospitalization of his wife; however, the appellant elected to proceed without counsel after being advised by the court that he could choose to wait until such time as his counsel was available. Appellant now claims error on two theories. The first theory is that the warrant issued by the justice of the peace was improper, since the local prosecuting attorney did not personally authorize its issuance, in accordance with CLS 1961, § 774.4 (Stat Ann 1963 Cum Supp § 28.1195), and that, therefore, the entire proceedings were void. The second theory is that the appellant was not properly advised of his rights in accordance with GrCR- 1963, 785.3 at the time his plea was accepted or at the time of sentencing. The first contention, that the warrant was improper because the authorization was signed by an assistant prosecutor rather than personally by the prosecuting attorney, is without merit. The statute controlling the duties of assistant prosecuting attorneys is CL 1948, § 49.42 (Stat Ann 1961 Rev § 5.802): “Any such assistant prosecuting attorney shall hold his office during the pleasure of the prosecuting attorney appointing him, perform any and all duties pertaining to the office of prosecuting attor *479 ney at such time or times as he may be required so to do by the prosecuting attorney and during the absence or disability from any cause of the prosecuting attorney, but he shall be subject to all the legal disqualifications and disabilities of the prosecuting attorney, and shall before entering upon the duties of his office take and subscribe the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution of this State and file the same with the county clerk of his county.” The appellant would have us hold that this statute allows assistant prosecuting attorneys to perform the duties of the prosecuting attorney only during the absence or disability of the prosecutor. The statute, however, clearly allows an assistant prosecuting attorney to perform such duties “as he may be required to do” pertaining to the office of the prosecuting attorney. The fact that assistant prosecuting attorneys also may perform duties of the prosecutor in the absence or disability of the prosecutor does not limit the assistant prosecuting attorney’s authority to act when the prosecutor is not absent or under a disability. Appellant’s second contention involves the interpretation of G-CR 1963, 785.3, the applicable provisions of which are as follows: “.3. Arraignment and Sentencing. In every prosecution wherein the accused is charged with a felony, the trial court shall conform to the following practice: * * * “(2) Imposing Sentence. If the accused pleads guilty, after such plea and before sentence the court shall inform the accused of the nature of the accusation and the consequence of his plea; and regardless of whether he is represented by counsel, the court shall examine the accused, not necessarily under oath, and as a condition of accepting the plea of guilty and imposing sentence shall ascertain that the plea was freely, understandingly, and volun *480 tarily made, without undue influence, compulsion, or duress, and without promise of leniency. Unless the court determines that the plea of guilty was so made, it shall not be accepted.” The appellant would have us hold that the phrase “the court shall inform the accused of * * * the consequence of his plea” requires that an accused be advised of the maximum sentence possible as a prerequisite of accepting a plea of guilty. Such is not the law. “The sentence to be imposed upon a defendant is in consequence of his conviction, which conviction follows the plea of guilty by a defendant, or upon his being found so by the verdict of the trial jury or the trial court. When the accused is found guilty, punishment imposed is a ‘sentence,’ the court’s final adjudication being a ‘judgment.’ If the trial court refuses to accept the defendant’s proffered plea of guilty, the defendant does not stand as yet convicted. Conviction is a separate step in the proceedings which takes place prior to the pronouncement of judgment. People v. Fidelity & Deposit Co. of Maryland (1930), 107 Cal App 160 (290 P 59).” People v. Nitti (1968), 10 Mich App 454. Also, see People v. Charles A. White (1967), 8 Mich App 220. The form, manner and wording of the required examination is not rigidly prescribed but rather is left to the sound discretion of the trial judge. The judge must satisfy himself that the plea is freely made, without undue influence or promise of lenience, and that the accused knows the consequences thereof. The form of the examination may vary, depending upon what is best suited to the parties and the offense. People v. Bumpus (1959), 355 Mich 374; People v. Fleming (1966), 4 Mich App 644; People v. Kearns (1965), 2 Mich App 60. The record in this case shows that the appellant was informed of his rights to counsel, his right to a *481 jury trial, and that he was charged with a felony. In addition, the trial judge informed the appellant, before passing sentence, that in view of the appellant’s prior criminal record, he would not be placed on probation. It is the opinion of this Court that there was, substantial compliance with GCR 1963, 785.3 in that the defendant was advised of the consequence of his plea and that the requirements of the court rules were fulfilled. Accordingly, we find no reversible error on the appellant’s second theory. The conviction is affirmed. T. G. Kavanagh, P. J., and J. H. Gillis, J., concurred. Footnotes [1] CL 1948, § 750.248 (Stat Ann 1962 Rev § 28.445). [2] CL 1948, § 750.249 (Stat Ann 1962 Rev § 28.446).