Champagne v. Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office

PER CURIAM: The Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections (LDPSC) and Louisiana Governor Mike Foster appeal the partial denial of Eleventh Amendment and qualified immunity in Jonathan Champagne’s 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action. The district court denied defendants’ Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss regarding Champagne’s claim that he was knowingly worked beyond his capacities in prison. Denials of motions to dismiss on Eleventh Amendment or qualified immunity grounds are appealable collateral orders when based on issues of law. E.g., Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 525, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985) (qualified immunity); Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority v. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., 506 U.S. 139, 147, 113 S.Ct. 684, 121 L.Ed.2d 605 (1993) (Eleventh Amendment). Of course, we review issues of law de novo. Western Alliance Ins. Co. v. Northern Ins. Co. of New York, 176 F.3d 825, 827 (5th Cir.1999). The Eleventh Amendment bars citizens’ suits in federal court against States and their alter egos. E.g., Voisin’s Oyster House v. Guidry, 799 F.2d 183, 185 (5th Cir.1986). Whether an entity is covered by a State’s Eleventh Amendment immunity turns on the entity’s (1) status under state statutes and case law, (2) funding, (3) local autonomy, (4) concern with local or statewide problems, (5) ability to sue in its own name, and (6) right to hold and use property. E.g., Hudson v. City of New Orleans, 174 F.3d 677, 681 (5th Cir.1999). Funding is most important. Id. at 681-82. These factors suggest that all Louisiana executive departments have Eleventh Amendment immunity. Barlak v. Bobear, 814 F.2d 1055, 1060 n. 5 (5th Cir.1987). All but the last two factors favor Eleventh Amendment immunity for LDPSC. Louisiana statutes and cases place the LDPSC within the executive branch, La.Rev.Stat. 36:4(A)(8); Hryhorchuk v. Smith, 390 So.2d 497, 502 (La.1980); the LDPSC is state funded, Wilson v. State of Louisiana Through Dept. of Public Safety and Corrections, 576 So.2d 490, 492 (La.1991)(state liable for judgments against LDPSC); the head of the LDPSC is appointed by the Governor and serves at his pleasure, La.Rev.Stat. 36:403; and the agency is charged with state-wide law enforcement and rehabilitation, La. Rev.Stat. 36:401(B), which are described as “functions of the state”, La.Rev.Stat. 36:408. That LDPSC may sue and be sued, La.Rev.Stat. 36:401(A), and hold property, La.Rev.Stat. 36:406(B), is outweighed by other factors, particularly State liability for LDPSC judgments. “[B]ecause an important goal of the elev *314 enth amendment is the protection of states’ treasuries, the most significant factor in assessing an entity’s status is whether a judgment against it will be paid with state funds.” McDonald v. Board of Miss. Levee Comm’rs, 832 F.2d 901, 907 (5th Cir.1987). Section 1983 does not abrogate Eleventh Amendment immunity, Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 345, 99 S.Ct. 1139, 59 L.Ed.2d 358 (1979); and Louisiana has not waived it, La.Rev.Stat. 13:5106(A). Accordingly, the action against LDPSC is barred. We REVERSE and REMAND with instructions to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. See Voisin’s Oyster House, 799 F.2d at 188-89. Governor Foster is entitled to qualified immunity because Champagne’s complaint alleges no personal involvement by the Governor; and, of course, subordinates’ acts trigger no individual § 1983 liability. E.g., Alton v. Texas A & M Univ., 168 F.3d 196, 200 (5th Cir.1999). We REVERSE the denial of Governor Foster’s Rule 12(b)(6) motion and DISMISS the claim against him. Champagne’s motion to compel evidence and request subpoena service is DENIED. REVERSED AND REMANDED; MOTION DENIED.