Diaz-Cruz v. United States

77 F.3d 460 NOTICE: First Circuit Local Rule 36.2(b)6 states unpublished opinions may be cited only in related cases. Oscar DIAZ-CRUZ, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Defendant, Appellee. No. 95-2122. United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit. Feb. 27, 1996. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico; Raymond L. Acosta, U.S. District Judge. Oscar Diaz-Cruz on brief pro se. Guillermo Gil, United States Attorney, Jose A. Quiles-Espinosa, Senior Litigation Counsel, and Warren Vazquez, Assistant U.S. Attorney, on brief for appellee. D.Puerto Rico AFFIRMED. Before TORRUELLA, Chief Judge, STAHL and LYNCH, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM. — 1 — Appellant Oscar Diaz-Cruz appeals from the denial of a motion to vacate his sentence filed under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. He claims that the disparity between his sentence and those of two of his co-defendants is unwarranted and unreasonable. For the following reasons, we agree that the § 2255 motion was meritless. — 2 — Only certain kinds of alleged sentencing errors may be raised in a collateral proceeding under § 2255. These are that (1) a sentence violates the Constitution or the laws of the United States, (2) the district court was without jurisdiction to impose the sentence, (3) the sentence is greater than the statutory maximum, and (4) the sentence "is otherwise subject to collateral attack." See 28 U.S.C. § 2255; Knight v. United States, 37 F.3d 769, 772 (1st Cir.1994). Appellant does not allege that his sentence violates the Constitution. Nor could he. A defendant has no constitutional right to receive the same sentence as another convicted of the same offense. Williams v. Illinois, 399 U.S. 235, 243 (1970) ("[t]he Constitution permits qualitative differences in meting out punishment"). Appellant also does not assert that the district court lacked jurisdiction or that his sentence exceeded the statutory maximum. — 3 — This leaves the last ground. The Supreme Court "has narrowly confined the scope and availability of collateral attack for claims that do not allege constitutional or jurisdictional errors." Knight, 37 F.3d at 772. — 4 — Such claims are properly brought under § 2255 only if the claimed error is "a fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice" or "an omission inconsistent with the rudimentary demands of fair procedure." The error must "present exceptional circumstances where the need for the remedy afforded by the writ of habeas corpus is apparent." — 5 — Id. (quoting Hill v. United States, 368 U.S. 424, 428 (1962)). — 6 — Appellant's claim does not rise to the level of a miscarriage of justice. "Absent extraordinary circumstances, a defendant has no ... fundamental interest in whether a sentence reflects his ... relative culpability with respect to his ... co-defendants." United States v. Bokun, 73 F.3d 8, ---- (2d Cir.1995). See also United States v. Rodriguez, 63 F.3d 1159, 1168 (1st Cir.) ("the mere fact of [a] disparity is of no consequence"), cert. denied, 116 S.Ct. 681 (1995). Appellant fails to state any extraordinary circumstances surrounding his case; he relies instead on a fairness argument. In this context, we note that the general rule in this circuit is that it is not proper for a district court to depart from a guideline range in an effort to equalize the sentences of similarly situated defendants. United States v. Wogan, 938 F.2d 1446, 1448 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 969 (1991). Given appellant's lack in this case of a "fundamental interest" in a sentence equal to those of his co-defendants, his claim of disparate treatment is not cognizable on a § 2255 motion. See, e.g., Entrekin v. United States, 508 F.2d 1328, 1330 (8th Cir.1974) (defendant's assertion that his sentence was harsher than that received by his co-defendant cannot be raised in a § 2255 motion), cert. denied, 421 U.S. 977 (1975). — 7 — We add only that to the extent appellant is separately challenging the trial court's enhancement of his base offense level by two, "[a] non-constitutional claim that could have been, but was not, raised on appeal, may not be asserted by collateral attack under § 2255 absent exceptional circumstances." Knight, 37 F.3d at 772. We can perceive no obstacle that would have prevented appellant from challenging the two-level enhancement on direct appeal. "Having bypassed his opportunity to raise the claim on direct appeal, he cannot raise it now on collateral attack." Id. at 773. — 8 — The judgment of the district court is affirmed.