Garza v. Rodriguez

Opinion by CATHERINE STONE, Justice. The appellants appeal the trial court’s order dismissing the underlying cause for *630 lack of jurisdiction. The appellants present two issues contending that: (1) the trial court erred in dismissing the underlying lawsuit; and (2) this court should consider and grant appellants’ partial motion for summary judgment. We reverse the trial court’s order and remand the cause for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Factual and PROCEDURAL Background Maria Lopez de Peña (“Peña”) executed a will on January 22,1943. With regard to the nine acres of land that are the subject of the underlying lawsuit, the will provided, in pertinent part: It is my will that all the rest and residue of my property, both real and personal and of any nature and kind whatsoever, and wherever situated of which I shall die seized and possessed, shall pass to and be vested in fee simple title on my nephew, Santiago Rodriguez, Jr., son of my sister Eusebia Lopez de Rodriguez, to be owned and enjoyed by him with God’s and my blessings forever.... But should he die without lawful issue of his body, then, and in that event, it is my will and wish that all of my aforesaid property shall pass to and be vested in fee simple in my sister, the said Eusebia Lopez de Rodriguez, her heirs and their descendants per stirpes, to be enjoyed by her, or her said heirs together with God’s and my blessings forever. When Peña died, her will was admitted to probate in the constitutional county court of Starr County. On July 29, 1957, that court entered a final order, stating with regard to the nine acres: And it further appearing to the Court that all of the remainder of the lands owned by Maria Lopez Vda. de Peña, including all funds in the bank, as well as all real estate and personal property were bequeathed and given to Santiago Rodriguez, Jr., and all of the debts known to exist against said estate, with the exception of the costs of Court in the closing of such estate, have been paid, it is therefore ordered, adjudged and decreed by the Court that the said Santiago Rodriguez, Sr. and Trinidad Rodriguez, as Executors of the Estate of Maria Lopez Vda. de Pena, deceased, pay over and deliver all of the remainder of such property, including cash on hand, cattle, personal property and all of the remaining estate held by them as described by such will. Upon and when said property has been delivered to the said Santiago Rodriguez, Jr. as hereinabove decreed, the said Santiago Rodriguez, Sr. and Trinidad Rodriguez, Executors of the Estate of Maria Lopez Vda. de Pena, be and they are discharged from their trust, and such estate be, and it is thereupon closed. The appellants filed the underlying lawsuit in the statutory county court of Starr County, alleging that they are the lawful owners of the nine tracts of land as the children and heirs of Eusebia Lopez de Rodriguez. The appellants sought to be declared the rightful owners of the land through numerous causes of action and also sought a partition of the land. The appellants contend that they are the owners of the land through a springing execu-tory interest devised to them in the will of Peña because Santiago Rodriguez, Jr. (“Santiago”) died “without lawful issue of his body.” The appellees filed a motion to dismiss the appellants’ lawsuit, contending that the lawsuit was a collateral attack on the final order issued by the constitutional county court in 1957 that settled, approved, and closed Peña’s estate. The appellants responded that the 1957 order did not resolve the title matter raised by the springing executory interest or, to the ex *631 tent it can be read to so divest the appellants of that title interest, the constitutional county court was without jurisdiction to resolve that matter, making the 1957 order void. The trial court granted the motion to dismiss, and the appellants timely filed this appeal. PaRtial Motion for Summary Judgment In their first issue, the appellants recognize that the trial court did not expressly rule on their partial motion for summary judgment, but the appellants cite Cincinnati Life Ins. Co. v. Cates, 927 S.W.2d 623 (Tex.1996), to contend that this court should exercise “its discretion to decide the title issue” raised in the motion. In Cates, the Texas Supreme Court held that in an appeal of a trial court’s ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the courts of appeals should consider all summary judgment grounds that the trial court rules on and “may consider other grounds that the trial court [did] not rule on in the interest of judicial economy.” 927 S.W.2d at 625. Unlike Cates, this appeal is from a trial court’s order granting the appellees’ motion to dismiss; therefore, the trial court never considered any grounds raised in the motion for summary judgment. Even assuming that the Cates decision gives us the discretion to consider the grounds raised in appellants’ partial motion for summary judgment in this context, we do not believe it would be “in the interest of judicial economy” to exercise that discretion. Therefore, we do not address appellants’ first issue. Jurisdiction In their second issue, appellants contend that the trial court erred in dismissing the underlying cause for lack of jurisdiction. The appellants contend that the trial court had jurisdiction to consider the claims either because: (1) the resolution of such claims would not conflict with the 1957 probate court order because the 1957 order did not divest the appellants of their springing executory interest; or (2) to the extent the 1957 probate court order divested the appellants of their springing execu-tory interest, the probate court resolved a matter of title that was outside the purview of its jurisdiction, rendering the probate court’s order void and subject to collateral attack. See Browning v. Placke, 698 S.W.2d 362, 363 (Tex.1985) (a judgment rendered by a court without subject matter jurisdiction is void and subject to collateral attack in another court of equal jurisdiction). The appellees respond that this court previously held in an earlier opinion that the only court with jurisdiction to consider the appellants’ claims was the constitutional county court that entered the 1957 order. See Garza v. Rodriguez, 18 S.W.3d 694 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2000, no pet.). A challenge to the trial court’s subject matter jurisdiction presents a question of law that we review de novo. Garza, 18 S.W.3d at 696. In Garza, we considered an appeal by the same appellants in this case, and we affirmed the district court’s dismissal of an action by the appellants based on our conclusion that the appellants in that case were seeking to interfere with the 1957 order. 18 S.W.3d at 699. We did not address whether the 1957 order would be considered void and subject to collateral attack to the extent that it resolved a matter of title beyond the constitutional county court’s jurisdiction in 1957. We also did not address the argument asserted by appellants in this appeal that the 1957 order can be read consistent with the appellants’ position that title became vested in them based on the springing executo-ry interest when Santiago died without lawful issue, and, therefore, an order re *632 solving title in that manner would not interfere with the 1957 order. 1 As we recognized in Garza, a probate court historically did not have the power to construe provisions of a will or to decide matters of title. 18 S.W.3d at 697. Probate courts only acquired jurisdiction to consider such matters in 1973, after the order was entered in the instant case. Id. Therefore, when the constitutional county court entered its order in 1957, it did not have jurisdiction to construe Peña’s will to divest any party of any title interest. See Huston v. Cole, 139 Tex. 150, 162 S.W.2d 404, 405-06 (1942) (explaining limited jurisdiction); Robinson v. Compton, 313 S.W.2d 550, 552 (Tex.Civ.App.-Eastland 1958, no writ) (questions as to property rights arising out of construction of will’s terms are not to be determined in a proceeding for the probate of a will and the mere probating of a will is not final and conclusive as to its construction). Accordingly, the 1957 order either must be read so as not to construe the will to resolve the title matter or, to the extent the 1957 order is read as divesting any party of any title interest, the order is void and was subject to collateral attack in the underlying proceeding. The only remaining question is whether the trial court, the statutory county court of Starr County, otherwise had jurisdiction to consider the claims raised by the appellants. Section 25.2162 of the Texas Government Code provides that the trial court, as the county court at law in Starr County, has concurrent jurisdiction with the district court in “controversies involving title to real property.” Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 25.2162 (Vernon Supp. 2002). In addition, the trial court, “concurrent with the [constitutional] county court, [has] the probate jurisdiction provided by general law for county courts.” Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 25.0003(d) (Vernon Supp.2002). Therefore, the trial court had jurisdiction to resolve the title issue raised by appellants in their pleadings. Conclusion Because the trial court had jurisdiction to resolve the underlying title issue, the trial court’s order is reversed, and the cause is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Neither this opinion nor our earlier opinion in Garza should be read as any comment on the manner in which the trial court should resolve the title issue. Footnotes [1] In reaching our conclusion in Garza, we stated in dicta that the 1957 order granted Santiago fee simple absolute title. 18 S.W.3d at 699. The focus of the opinion was on the district court's jurisdiction to interfere with the final judgment of another court where no argument was made that the prior judgment was void. The dicta in that case- should not be relied upon as a determination that the constitutional county court's order construed the provisions of the will regarding any springing executory interest or otherwise divested the appellants of that interest. As we also noted in Garza, "the final probate order did not account for the springing executory interest expressly stated in the will." 18 S.W.3d at 696.