People v. Carnivale

MR. JUSTICE RYAN delivered the opinion of the court: The three defendants, Charles Carnivale, Nicholas Pappas and Charles Pappas, were arrested without warrants in the city of Rosemont, Illinois, in Cook County. Chicago police officers in the possession of warrants to search Charles Camivale and Nicholas Pappas and their automobiles arrested the three defendants in the lobby of the Sheraton Motor Hotel in Rosemont. Charles Pappas, a brother of Nicholas Pappas, who was in the lobby of the hotel at that time was also arrested although the police did not have a warrant for his arrest or a warrant to search him. The three defendants were charged with various gambling offenses. The circuit court of Cook County, following a hearing to quash the arrests and suppress the evidence, found no probable cause to arrest the defendant Charles Pappas, and also held that the police officers of the city of Chicago were not authorized to execute the search warrants beyond the territorial limits of the city of Chicago. The court sustained the motions to quash the arrest and to suppress the evidence seized. The appellate court affirmed (21 Ill. App. 3d 780). We granted the State leave to appeal pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 604(a)(2). 55 I11.2d xiii. Considering first the complaint against the defendant Charles Pappas, we find that the ruling of the trial court was correct. He was arrested without an arrest warrant. He was not searched pursuant to the command of a search warrant, and the evidence presented at the hearing did not show that the police had probable cause to arrest him without a warrant. His mere presence in the same hotel lobby with the other two defendants whom the police suspected of gambling activities did not justify his arrest. The State advances two theories in support of its contention that the trial court and the appellate court should be reversed. First, it argues that the principle of “hot pursuit” justified the arrest of the defendants and that the existence of the search warrant provided the ingredient of probable cause to justify their pursuit. Second, the State contends that by virtue of sections 7 — 4—7 and 7 — 4—8 of the Municipal Code (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1971, ch. 24, par. 7 — 4—7 and par. 7 — 4—8) the city of Rosemont was part of a police district within which police officers of the city of Chicago had authority to execute search warrants. It is thus the State’s contention that the provisions of these sections of the statute render inapplicable the common law rule limiting the authority of police officers to the territorial boundaries of the municipality. We find it unnecessary to consider these two contentions because we are of the opinion that under the command of the search warrants the officers had the authority to execute them anywhere in the State. They were therefore properly executed and the trial court erred in suppressing the evidence seized. The statute provides that the warrant shall be directed to all peace officers of the State and authorizes the issuing judge to direct that it be executed by any person specifically named in the warrant. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1971, ch. 38, par. 108 — 5.) If the judge would have designated a private person other than a peace officer to execute the warrant, it is not contended that there would be any limitation on his authority to execute the warrant at any place within the jurisdiction of the issuing officer. (See Annot., 61 A.L.R. 377, 378 (1929).) It would appear to be a limitation without a valid reason to restrict the authority of a peace officer to execute the warrant only within the boundaries of the political entity wherein he holds his office. Our statute requires that the warrant shall be executed within 96 hours from the time of its issuance. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1971, ch. 38, par. 108 — 6.) Limiting the authority of a peace officer to the territorial limits of his own city or county needlessly hampers and unnecessarily delays the execution of the warrant which must be executed within the time prescribed by statute. We therefore hold as to Charles Carnivale and Nicholas Pappas that the search warrants were properly executed and the circuit court erred in ordering the evidence seized suppressed. As to these two defendants the judgments of the appellate and circuit courts are reversed and the cause is remanded to the circuit court of Cook County. Affirmed in part and reversed in part and remanded.