Gormley v. General Motors Corp.

J. M. Graves, Jr., J. The Michigan Employment Security Commission (MESC) appeals as a matter of right from an opinion and order entered by the Washtenaw County Circuit Court affirming the decision of the Michigan Employment Security Board of Review. Charles M. Gormley served in the United States Army for 20 years. Gormley began receiving a military pension in an approximate amount of $441 to $450 per month in January, 1978. From August 13, 1978, to July 17, 1980, Gormley worked for General Motors Corporation; however, he was laid off due to lack of work on July 17, 1980. After Gormley applied for unemployment compensation benefits on July 22, 1980, the MESC issued a determination on August 6, 1980, granting Gormley unemployment compensation benefits. However, because of Gormley’s military pension, the MESC reduced his weekly benefit rate by $103, so that his weekly benefits were $25 per week. The reduction was made pursuant to the provisions of 26 USC 3304(a)(15) and MCL 421.27(f)(5); MSA 17.529(f)(5). Gormley challenged the determination, but the *784 award of reduced unemployment compensation benefits was affirmed by a redetermination issued on August 19, 1980. Gormley filed a claim of appeal, and the referee, in affirming the commission’s determination, noted that Gormley’s unemployment compensation benefits had to be reduced because of the existence of his military pension. On October 20, 1980, Gormley appealed the referee’s decision to the Michigan Employment Security Board of Review. By the time the appeal was heard by the board of review, Congress had changed the pension offset provision of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act through enactment of Pub L 96-364, § 414(a); 94 Stat 1208; 26 USC 3304(a)(15). Under the new provision, a pension would offset employment benefits only if the pension came from a "base period employer”. In an opinion dated November 10, 1981, the board of review applied the newly enacted pension offset rule and held that because plaintiff’s pension did not come from a base period employer, his employment compensation benefit rate should not have been reduced by $103 per week. The board of review reversed the decision of the referee and ordered payment of benefits at the full rate. The MESC sought review of the decision of the board of review in Washtenaw County Circuit Court, which affirmed the decision of the board. The MESC argues that the circuit court committed reversible error by affirming the decision of the board of review because, at the time Gormley was laid off, 26 USC 3304(a)(15) mandated that Gormley’s unemployment benefits be reduced since he was collecting a governmental pension. We agree. On appeal from decisions of the board of review, this Court may review questions of law or fact, *785 Const 1963, art 6, § 28; MCL 421.38; MSA 17.540, but it can reverse only if the order or decision is contrary to law or is unsupported by competent, material and substantial evidence on the record. If, as in the case at bar, there is no dispute as to underlying facts, questions presented on appeal are to be treated as matters of law. Chrysler Corp v Sellers, 105 Mich App 715, 720; 307 NW2d 708 (1981). In 1976, Congress passed an amendment to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), 26 USC 3301 et seq. The amendment, codified as 26 USC 3304(a)(15), required participating states for the first time to treat specific forms of "wage replacement” income as disqualifying income. The amendment conditioned federal certification of a state’s unemployment compensation laws upon the state’s adoption of a provision that: "(15) the amount of compensation payable to an individual for any week which begins after March 31, 1980, and which begins in a period with respect to which such individual is receiving a governmental or other pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or any other similar periodic payment which is based on the previous work of such individual shall be reduced (but not below zero) by an amount equal to the amount of such pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or other payment, which is reasonably attributable to such week;” Pub L 94-566, § 314(a); 90 Stat 2667 (1976), as amended by Pub L 95-19, § 302(e); 91 Stat 44 (1977). The practical effect of the amendment is to create, on a uniform basis throughout the United States, a dollar-for-dollar reduction of unemployment insurance benefits by income received from the designated wage replacement sources. In order to conform to the amendment, Michigan enacted MCL 421.27(f)(5); MSA 17.529(f)(5), which provided: *786 "(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, for any week which begins after March 31, 1980, and with respect to which an individual is receiving a governmental or other pension and claiming unemployment compensation, the weekly benefit amount payable to the individual for those weeks shall be reduced, but not below zero, by the entire prorated weekly amount of any governmental or other pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or any other similar payment which is based on any previous work of the individual. This reduction shall be made only if it is required as a condition for full tax credit against the tax imposed by the federal unemployment tax act, 26 USC 3301 to 3311.” On September 26, 1980, Congress re-amended 26 USC 3304(a)(15) to include the following additional language: "(15) the amount of compensation payable to an individual for any week which begins after March 31, 1980, and which begins in a period with respect to which such individual is receiving a governmental or other pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or any other similar periodic payment which is based on the previous work of such individual shall be reduced (but not below zero) by an amount equal to the amount of such pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or other payment, which is reasonably attributable to such week except that— "(A) the requirements of this paragraph shall apply to any pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or other similar periodic payment only if— "(i) such pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or similar payment is under a plan maintained (or contributed to) by a base period employer or chargeable employer (as determined under applicable law), and "(ii) in the case of such a payment not made under the Social Security Act or the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (or the corresponding provisions of prior law), services performed for such employer by the individual after the beginning of the base period (or remuneration *787 for such services) affect eligibility for, or increase the amount of, such pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or similar payment, and "(B) the State law may provide for limitations on the amount of any such a reduction to take into account contributions made by the individual for the pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or other similar periodic payment.” Pub L 96-364, § 414(a); 94 Stat 1208 (1980). The additional language alters the original amendment in two key repects. First, it limits the setoff requirements to those situations in which a single employer would otherwise be required to finance not only a claimant’s unemployment insurance benefits but also his pension benefits during the same base period. Second, it permits states to reduce the setoff by an amount representing the claimant’s own contributions to a pension plan or other form of wage replacement income. The newly enacted § 3304(a)(15) was made applicable only to recertifications by the Secretary of Labor for 1981 and subsequent years. Pub L 96-364, § 414(b); 94 Stat 1310 (1980). Indeed, the re-amendment contained the following specific language: "(b) EFFECTIVE DATE. The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to certifications of states for 1981 and subsequent years.” FUTA provides that the tax year of a state runs from November 1 to the following October 31. See 26 USC 3302(a)(1). Thus, the Congress clearly intended that the September 26, 1980, amendment was to become effective on November 1, 1980, and thereafter. The original determination by MESC that Gormley’s unemployment benefits must be reduced by the amount of his governmental pension was cor *788 rect in light of the applicable federal and state statutes in force at the time of the determination. We hold that Gormley’s unemployment compensation benefits from August, 1980, to October 31, 1980, must be reduced by the amount of the governmental pension plaintiff received during that time period. We agree with Gormley’s contention that he would be entitled to receive full unemployment benefits for that time period were the Court to apply the September 26, 1980, amendment retroactively. However, his arguments for retroactive application of the amendment are not persuasive. It is a general rule in Michigan, as well as in other jurisdictions, that all statutes are prospective in their operation except in such cases as the contrary clearly appears from the context of the statute itself. In re Davis’ Estate, 330 Mich 647, 651; 48 NW2d 151 (1951). Nothing in the language or context of the 1980 amendment suggests a congressional intent that the amendment was to apply retroactively. Indeed, the specific language of the amendment reveals a congressional intent that the amendment have prospective application beginning November 1, 1980. It is not our function to fathom out hidden manifestations of legislative intent when the language of the statute clearly reveals that legislative intent. "The cardinal rule of statutory construction is to ascertain and give effect to the intention of the [Legislature. If the language of a statutory provision is unambiguous, the intent must be determined accordingly.” Melia v Employment Security Comm, 346 Mich 544, 562; 78 NW2d 273 (1956). See also Avon Twp v Boundary Comm, 96 Mich App 736, 743; 293 NW2d 691 (1980), and City of Lansing v Lansing Twp, 356 Mich 641, 648; 97 NW2d 804 (1976). *789 Gormley contends that the September 26, 1980, amendment to FUTA was remedial in nature; therefore, the amendment should apply retroactively, A remedial statute may be applied retrospectively. Hansen-Snyder Co v General Motors Corp, 371 Mich 480, 484-485; 124 NW2d 286 (1963). However, the September 26, 1980, amendment to FUTA is not a remedial statute. A remedial statute is related to remedies or modes of procedure which do not create new or take away vested rights, but only operate in furtherance of a remedy or confirmation of rights already existing. Kalamazoo City Education Ass’n v Kalamazoo Public Schools, 406 Mich 579, 601; 281 NW2d 454 (1979). Under the original version of 26 USC 3304(a)(15) effective after March 31, 1980, Gormley was barred from receiving full unemployment compensation benefits. However, the September 26, 1980, amendment to 26 USC 3304(a)(15) allows Gormley to receive full unemployment compensation benefits beginning November 1, 1980. Thus, the latter amendment creates a new right in Gormley and others in his position and cannot be considered as being a remedial statute. Reversed.