Caples v. Secretary of the Commonwealth

Wilkins, C.J. This bill in equity in the Superior Court is purportedly for a binding declaration under G. L. c. 231A as to whether the plaintiff or the defendant Leo L. Laughlin is entitled to the office of Commissioner of Public Safety. Injunctive relief is incidentally sought against the defendant Secretary of the Commonwealth. From a final decree in favor of the defendant Laughlin the plaintiff appeals. 1. The defendants demurred to the bill on the ground that “there is no jurisdiction in equity” to make a determination as to “the right to hold a given public office.” There are appeals by the defendants from the interlocutory decree overruling the demurrer and from the final decree “for the purpose of saving the procedural question.” 1 The demurrer was properly overruled. Since the enactment of G. L. c. 231A the right to try title to office is not exclusively by petition for writ of mandamus. There is an actual controversy between the plaintiff and the defendant Laughlin. No reason is apparent why this type of controversy should be excepted from the remedial objective of c. 231A expressed in § 9: “Its purpose is to remove, and to afford relief from, uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, duties, status and other legal relations, and it is to be liberally construed and administered.” See Commissioner of Admn. v. Kelley, ante, 501, 504-505. 2. On July 20,1961, Frank S. Giles was appointed Commissioner of Public Safety. By St. 1962, c. 390, enacted April 27,1962, his term of office was extended to “five years from the date on which he was appointed.” On March 30, 1964, he was suspended from his office pursuant to G. L. c. 30, § 59 (as amended through St. 1963, c. 829, §§ 1, 2). *640 Commonwealth v. Giles, ante, 102. On December 23, 1964, following an intervening appointment and resignation of another individual, the plaintiff was appointed “to be the temporary Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety” pursuant to and subject to the provisions of § 59. On September 27,1965, Giles resigned as commissioner, and on the following day his resignation was accepted by the Governor. On September 29 the defendant Laughlin was appointed and qualified as Commissioner of Public Safety. After finding the foregoing facts, the Superior Court judge ruled that the defendant Laughlin is “the legally and duly qualified Commissioner of Public Safety .... The fact that Mr. Giles’s term had been extended 1 . . . did not and does not entitle the „ . . [plaintiff], who was appointed as the ‘. . . . temporary officer . . . who shall have all the powers and duties of the . . . officer suspended . . .’ as provided by Section 59, to continue to serve as the ‘temporary officer’ upon and after the appointment and qualification of . . . Laughlin, who has been designated by the governor to fill the vacancy created by the Giles resignation, so-called.” The material portions of G. L. c. 30, § 59, are the following: “An officer ... of any department . . . created by the general court, may, during any period such officer . . . is under indictment for misconduct in such office . . ., if he was appointed by the governor, be suspended .... During the period of any such suspension, the appointing authority may fill the position of the suspended officer . . . on a temporary basis, and the temporary officer . . . shall have all the powers and duties of the officer . . . suspended. ... If the criminal proceedings against the person suspended are terminated without a finding or verdict of guilty on any of the charges on which he was indicted, his suspension shall be forthwith removed . . ..” See, generally, Bessette v. Commissioner of Pub. Works, 348 Mass. 605, *641 608-609; Reynolds v. Commissioner of Commerce & Dev. ante, 193,194. The above rulings were correct. The plain meaning of $ 59 is that a temporary appointment should be for the duration of the suspension. In this case the suspension was terminated by the resignation of the suspended officer. Thereafter the temporary appointee continued to have none of the suspended officer’s powers and duties. We reject the construction urged by the plaintiff that the only effective basis for ending the temporary status of the officer must be by the termination of the proceedings against the suspended officer without a verdict or finding of guilty. "What we have said also disposes of the plaintiff’s contention under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 30, § 8, that he had not been ‘ 1 removed. ’ ’ 1 No weight can be given to any argument based upon the wording of the plaintiff’s commission as temporary commissioner which stated that he is “to hold said trust until criminal proceedings against the suspended commissioner are terminated” and which authorizes him “to execute and perform all the duties,” and which invests him “with all the powers and responsibilities, which by our Constitution and laws, do or may pertain to the said office, so long as he shall hold the same by virtue of these presents.” If the commission purports to give a longer tenure than authorized by the statute, which we do not decide, it is to that extent null and void. The trial judge correctly ruled that the letter sent to the Governor by Giles could not affect or control the effect of $59. Decree affirmed. Footnotes [1] The defendants’ petition for late appeal from the final decree was allowed by the county court. G. L. c. 214, § 28. [1] A finding or ruling that the term of Giles was extended five years from April 27, 1962, instead of five years from the date of his appointment, is erroneous, but immaterial. [1] “A public officer appointed for any term by the governor . . . shall hold his office during the term for which he is appointed . . .■ unless he is sooner removed in accordance with law.”