Ferguson v. Sullivan

*1270 MEMORANDUM OF DECISION McMILLAN, District Judge. Plaintiff Zebulon Ferguson alleges that the refusal of the Secretary of Health and Human Services to reopen Ferguson’s prior unsuccessful applications filed in 1980 for disability insurance benefits (“DIB”) and supplemental security income (“SSI”) is a violation of the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. Because the court concludes that plaintiff has demonstrated an entitlement to benefits based on his 1980 applications which the Secretary may not constitutionally ignore, the decision of the Secretary is REVERSED and REMANDED for an appropriate award. FACTS Plaintiff filed his initial applications for DIB and SSI on May 24, 1977. These claims were initially denied on August 15, 1977, and were not pursued further. Plaintiff filed his second applications for DIB and SSI on April 3, 1978. These claims were initially denied on or about June 1, 1978, and were not pursued further. Plaintiff filed his third applications for DIB and SSI on May 21, 1980. Plaintiff alleged that he was disabled by schizophrenia and became unable to work sometime in March, 1979. These claims were initially denied on or about July 24, 1980, and were denied upon reconsideration on or about March 27, 1981. Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, failed to request a hearing on his May 21,1980 applications within 60 days of their denial on March 27, 1981. Plaintiff filed his current applications for DIB and SSI on December 13, 1984, more than four years after the initial determination of his 1980 applications. These applications were initially denied on or about March 1,1985, and were denied upon reconsideration on April 22, 1985. Plaintiff retained counsel for the first time on March 7, 1985, after the initial denial of his 1984 applications. After the denial upon reconsideration, plaintiff through counsel filed a timely request for a hearing on his claims. The hearing was held on December 3, 1985, before Administrative Law Judge (“AU”) Richard Harper. On November 11, 1985, prior to the hearing, plaintiff moved that: [T]he Secretary ... provide further administrative review, including an eviden-tiary hearing, of the denials of his prior applications for disability and Supplemental Security income benefits on the grounds that the claimant failed to seek timely administrative review of these denials because of his mental incompetence. See Shrader vs. Harris, 631 F.2d. 297 (4th Cir.1980) and 20 CFR Section 404.911. In a letter to the AU dated December 4, 1985, plaintiffs counsel again urged that the earlier applications be reopened and summarized the evidence from the hearing in support of that contention. On December 12, 1985, the AU found that plaintiff had been disabled by chronic paranoid schizophrenia since April 1, 1979. However, the AU refused to award plaintiff retroactive benefits on the basis of his May 21, 1980, applications, holding that there is “no regulatory authority authorizing the reopening and revising of determinations based upon previous applications where initial determinations were issued more than four years prior to the filing of the current application.” The AU also stated that plaintiff's counsel “did not argue that the failure to pay benefits on the basis of the earlier applications would violate the claimant’s due process rights. See Shrader v. Harris, 631 F.2d 297 (4th Cir.1980).” Under 42 U.S.C. § 402(j)(l)(A) (1982), DIB benefits can be paid for no more than the twelve months preceding the application. Under 42 U.S.C. § 1382(c)(5) (1982), an application for SSI benefits cannot be effective prior to the date the application is filed. See also 20 C.F.R. § 416.335 (1988) (“you cannot be paid for any months before the month you filed an application”). Thus, the AU’s refusal to reopen plaintiff’s 1980 applications deprives plaintiff of most of the benefits to which he has been entitled since April 1, 1979. *1271 Plaintiff through counsel filed a timely request for review of the AU’s decision with the Social Security Appeals Council. Plaintiff argued to the Appeals Council that the failure to reopen his 1980 applications was a denial of due process. On June 9, 1986, the Appeals Council, filed an order dismissing plaintiffs request for review because under applicable regulations a refusal to reopen an application is an “administrative action” not subject to administrative review. Nevertheless, the Appeals Council also noted: [20 C.F.R.] Sections 404.988 and 416.1488 state in relevant part that a disability determination and supplemental security income determination can be reopened within one year of the date of the initial notice of the initial determination for any reason, within 4 years and 2 years, respectively, for good cause, and anytime only due to fraud or similar fault. Based on the available information the claimant filed his prior applications on May 21, 1980, and they were denied in initial determinations dated July 24, 1980. Thus, there would appear to be no basis to reopen the prior determinations since none of these requirements have been met. On July 29, 1986, plaintiff filed this action, alleging that the Secretary’s refusal to reopen his 1980 applications denied plaintiff property without due process of law. Plaintiff seeks an order requiring the Secretary to compute and pay DIB and SSI disability benefits on the basis of his May 21, 1980, applications. DISCUSSION The Secretary argues that the court must dismiss this action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, citing Califano v. Sanders, 430 U.S. 99, 97 S.Ct. 980, 51 L.Ed.2d 192 (1977). In Sanders, the Supreme Court held that 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 405(h) do not confer jurisdiction on federal courts to review the Secretary’s decision not to reopen a previously adjudicated claim for social security benefits. However, the Sanders court recognized one exception to its holding: “those rare instances where the Secretary’s denial of a petition to reopen is challenged on constitutional grounds.” Id. at 109, 97 S.Ct. at 986. In Shrader v. Harris, 631 F.2d 297 (4th Cir.1980), the Court of Appeals recognized that a constitutional interest is implicated when a pro se claimant lacks the mental ability to pursue an appeal of an administrative denial. The Court of Appeals concluded that when a claimant afflicted by mental illness, whose initial claims were presented pro se and denied ex parte, presents prima facie proof of incompetency at the time of his previous application, the Secretary cannot automatically give res ju-dicata effect to the previous finding of no disability without offending constitutional due process. Because the fact-finding process necessary to execute a court’s constitutional decision is the province of the Secretary, Shrader requires the Secretary to conduct an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the claimant did in fact lack competence at the time of his previous application. The AU did not apply the procedural bar of res judicata in determining plaintiff’s current applications. If the AU had applied the doctrine of res judicata, he could not have found a disability onset date of April 1, 1979. Instead, the AU applied the Secretary’s regulations, which create a four-year statute of limitations beyond which the Secretary’s determinations are conclusively final. This is the entirely different concept of “administrative finality.” In two recent decisions by Judge K.K. Hall, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals has extended the holding in Shrader to apply to other procedural limitations such as administrative finality. Young v. Bowen, 858 F.2d 951 (4th Cir.1988); Culbertson v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 859 F.2d 319 (4th Cir.1988). In Young, the Court held: It offends fundamental fairness ... to bind a claimant to an adverse ruling who lacks both the mental competency and the legal assistance necessary to contest the initial determination. This is the core of our decision in Shrader and it oper *1272 ates with equal force whether the Secretary relies upon res judicata or some other procedural limitation. 858 F.2d at 955. In this case, as in Culbertson, it is “brutally evident that the Secretary has attempted ... to utilize administrative finality in precisely the same improper fashion that res judicata was asserted in Shrader — to deny a pro se mentally impaired claimant a full and fair opportunity to establish a statutory entitlement.” 859 F.2d at 324. The AU found that plaintiff stopped work in March, 1979, and underwent seven hospitalizations due to mental illness between April 20, 1979, and April 29, 1981. The AU also found that from April 1, 1979, through the date of his decision, plaintiff has “on a fairly continuous basis exhibited delusions, hallucinations, emotional withdrawal, marked restriction of daily activities, marked difficulty maintaining social functioning and frequent difi-ciencies [sic] of concentration and persistence such that he has difficulty completing tasks in a timely manner.” The AU recommended that “considering the nature and severity of the claimant’s impairments,” a representative payee be designated. The court concludes that plaintiff established a prima facie case of incompetency at the time of the ex parte denial of his 1980 applications. “Ordinarily, a remand would be appropriate at this juncture to allow the Secretary to conduct the supplemental hearing required in Shrader_” Young, 858 F.2d at 955. However, in light of the facts already found by the Secretary, the court concludes that further proceedings are unnecessary. Id. (remand unnecessary in light of “long, convoluted history” of the case and “fully developed medical record”). See also Culbertson, 859 F.2d at 324-25 (remand not required). The facts set forth above and the other facts found by the AU clearly establish that plaintiff was not competent to contest the denial of his 1980 applications. Thus, the Secretary’s refusal to reopen plaintiff’s 1980 applications and pay him the benefits to which he is entitled is a violation of the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. An appropriate judgment will be entered. JUDGMENT For the reasons set forth in a separate memorandum of decision, IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the Secretary compute and pay plaintiff disability insurance benefits and Supplemental Security Income on the basis of his May 21, 1980, applications.