Dolphin Offshore Partners, L.P. v. Industrial Resources Corp.

*1026 MEMORANDUM OPINION JORDAN, District Judge. Now before the court is plaintiffs summary judgment motion as to defendant Malcolm E. Ratliff [doc. 47]. 1 Also before the court is “Defendant Estate of Malcolm E. Ratliffs Motion to Strike all References to and any Reliance upon Forleo v. American Products of Kentucky, Inc., 2006 WL 2788429 (Ky [sic] Ct.App. Sept. 29, 2006), in Plaintiffs’ [sic] Reply to Defendants [sic] Response in Opposition to Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment” [doc. 57]. For the reasons that follow, plaintiffs motion will be granted and defendant’s motion will be denied. I. Summary Judgment Standard Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c) authorizes summary judgment when “the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” If the moving party carries its initial burden of showing that there are no genuine issues of material fact in dispute, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to present specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue for trial. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586-87, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538. The court determines whether the evidence requires submission to a jury or whether one party must prevail as a matter of law because the issue is so one-sided. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 251-52,106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). II. Background The facts material to plaintiffs summary judgment motion are not in dispute. Plaintiff and defendant Industrial Resources Corporation (“IRC”) executed an October 2002 Amended Agreement (“the Agreement”) pertaining to the purchase and sale of shares of Tengasco, Inc. common stock. Mr. Ratliff signed the Agreement as IRC’s president. Plaintiff alleges that IRC breached the Agreement, resulting in damages of more than $600,000.00. IRC is a Kentucky corporation which, as of the date of the Agreement’s execution, had been administratively dissolved. IRC’s corporate status was reinstated by the Kentucky Secretary of State on May 25, 2007. III. Analysis Plaintiff argues that Mr. Ratliffs estate is liable for IRC’s alleged breach, since Mr. Ratliff executed the Agreement on behalf of an administratively dissolved corporation. In response, Mrs. Ratliff contends that the estate cannot be liable due to the retroactive effect of IRC’s recent reinstatement. According to plaintiff, the Court of Appeals of Kentucky’s opinion in Forleo v. American Products of Kentucky, Inc., No.2005-CA-000196-MR, 2006 WL 2788429 (Ky.Ct.App. Sept.29, 2006), is dis-positive of the issue now before this court. Conversely, Mrs. Ratliff contends that *1027 Fairbanks Arctic Blind Co. v. Prather & Associates, 198 S.W.3d 143 (Ky.Ct.App.2005), controls. Mrs. Ratliff further argues that Forleo, as unpublished authority, may not be considered by this court. Fairbanks was a breach of contract action. Therein, it was the plaintiff who was, as of the date of the contract’s execution, administratively dissolved. The defendants argued that the contract was null and void due to the dissolution, even though the plaintiffs corporate status had since been reinstated. Interpreting Kentucky’s reinstatement statute, Ky.Rev.Stat. § 271B.14-220, the Fairbanks court stated that “[i]n good conscience the defendants, who are strangers to the dealings between plaintiff and the State, should not be allowed to take advantage of the plaintiffs default in paying its taxes to escape their own obligations to the plaintiff[.]” Fairbanks, 198 S.W.3d at 145 (citation and quotation omitted). [W]e conclude ... that [the Kentucky legislature] intended for reinstatement to restore a corporation to the same position it would have occupied had it not been dissolved and that reinstatement validates any action taken by a corporation between the time it was administratively dissolved and the date of its reinstatement. Id. at 146. Eleven months later — and without mention of Fairbanks — Kentucky’s Court of Appeals decided Forleo. That ease, like the one at bar, involved an administratively dissolved corporate defendant whose principals had continued to do business in the corporation’s name but “repeatedly refused to make payment” for corporate debt. Forleo, 2006 WL 2788429, at * 1. Even though the corporation had since been reinstated, the Forleo court held that the reinstatement statute “does not affect the personal liability of stockholders or officers for debts incurred in the name of the corporation after dissolution.... Therefore, the trial court properly held [the principals] to be personally liable for the debts incurred after dissolution.” Id. at *1-2. Restating Kentucky’s “general rule ... that shareholders and officers are personally liable for debts made in the name of the corporation after dissolution[,]” Forleo cites the Kentucky statutes’: (a) silence regarding personal liability; and (b) prohibition against carrying on any business post-dissolution other than winding up the corporation’s affairs. Id. at *2. Although Fairbanks and Forleo are facially in conflict, this court concludes that Forleo controls the present matter. The court first notes that the dissolved corporation in Fairbanks was the plaintiff, unlike the case at bar. Far more importantly, despite Fairbanks’s broad and general holding that “reinstatement validates any action taken” between dissolution and reinstatement, the issue of officer liability was not before that court. Conversely, in Forleo, Kentucky’s Court of Appeals was presented with the exact issue and fact pattern now before this court. Forleo, whether unpublished or not, is the best indicant of Kentucky law on this point. Lastly, despite the arguable inconsistency between the two holdings, Fairbanks and Forleo share an important common theme of holding contracting parties responsible for the bargains they make. The undersigned rejects Mrs. Ratliffs contention that the unpublished Forleo decision cannot be considered by this court. Ms. Ratliff cites Rule 76.28 of the Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure, which provides, Opinions that are not to be published shall not be cited or used as binding precedent in any other case in any court of this state; however, unpublished Ken *1028 tucky appellate decisions, rendered after January 1, 2003, may be cited for consideration by the court if there is no published opinion that would adequately address the issue before the court. Ky. R. Civ. P. 76.28(4)(c) (emphasis added). By its own terms, Rule 76.28 reaches only the courts of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, whereas Local Rule 7.4 of this court permits citation of unpublished authority. Regardless, Rule 76.28(4)(c) excludes those circumstances where “there is no published opinion that would adequately address the issue before the court.” As noted above, Fairbanks does not adequately address the issue of officer liability— because that issue was not before that court. Defendant’s motion to strike will accordingly be denied, and plaintiffs summary judgment motion will be granted. An order consistent with this opinion will be entered. Footnotes [1] On July 18, 2005, a suggestion of death [doc. 11] was filed as to Malcolm E. Ratliff ("Mr. Ratliff”). On October 26, 2005, the court granted plaintiff's motion to substitute Linda Ratliff, executrix of Malcolm E. Ratliff's estate ("Mrs. Ratliff”), as party defendant. [Doc. 19].