Spelman v. Chipman

MEMORANDUM OPINION [Dkt. # 3] RICHARD J. LEON, United States District Judge On July 25, 2013, plaintiff Stephen Spelman (“plaintiff’ or “Spelman”) filed suit against defendant Lieutenant General Dana K. Chipman, the Judge Advocate General of the United States Army (“defendant” or “TJAG”), alleging violations of the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. § 701 et seq. See Compl. ¶¶ 102-116. The same day, plaintiff filed a Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (“TRO”) and a Motion for Preliminary Injunction seeking to enjoin defendant from taking disciplinary action against plaintiff and notifying plaintiffs bar licensing authorities thereof. See Pl.’s Mot. for TRO [Dkt. # 2]; Pl.’s Mot. for Preliminary Injunction (“Pl.Mot.”) [Dkt. # 3]. On July 26, 2013, this Court declined to issue a TRO and set a date to *8 hear argument on plaintiffs Motion for Preliminary Injunction. The parties briefed the motion, and an oral argument was held on August 20, 2013. After due consideration of the pleadings and oral argument, plaintiffs Motion for Preliminary Injunction is DENIED. BACKGROUND Plaintiff is an attorney licensed to practice in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York. Compl. ¶ 6. He currently resides and practices law in Massachusetts. Compl. ¶ 7. Plaintiff is also a member of the Army Retired Reserve. See Defendant’s Appendix (“Def-App.”) [Dkt. # 7-1] Al. Plaintiff enlisted in the Regular Army as a Private in 1982. Compl. ¶ 8. He attended law school from 1988 to 1991, during which time he served in the U.S. Army Reserve. Compl. ¶¶ 10-13. Plaintiff became a member of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps (JAGC) in 2000. Compl. ¶ 15. In September 2012, plaintiff pled guilty in a general court-martial to offenses related to an extramarital affair he had with a subordinate officer-attorney in 2008 and 2009 while they were stationed in Iraq. See Def.App. Al, 210, 2123. He was sentenced to sixty days confinement, ordered to forfeit $4,000 of pay per month for five months, and reprimanded for his conduct. Def-App. A21. Following execution of his sentence, plaintiff elected reassignment to the Retired Reserve rather than a “separation action under Army Regulation 135-175, paragraph 2-11.” See Def-App. Al. Plaintiff entered the Retired Reserves on February 1, 2013. Compl. ¶ 29. Prior to doing so, however, he notified each of his state bar licensing authorities and clients of his general court-martial conviction. On February 12, 2013, the Professional Responsibility Branch (“PRB”) of the Office of the Judge Advocate General notified plaintiff that it had reviewed the allegations of professional misconduct that were the basis of plaintiffs court-martial conviction. DefiApp. A3133. Plaintiff was given an opportunity to respond to the allegations and was informed that TJAG would make the ultimate decision regarding disciplinary action. Id. In letters dated February 19 and March 5, 2013, plaintiff disputed the PRB’s allegations of professional misconduct and contested TJAG’s authority to discipline him further. See DefiApp. A34-37. On June 13, 2013, TJAG notified plaintiff of his intent to impose the following disciplinary actions against plaintiff for violating Rule 8.4 of the Army Rules of Professional Conduct for Lawyers: (1) withdrawal of plaintiffs certification under Article 27(b) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (“UCMJ”); (2) indefinite suspension from practice before Army Courts (3) indefinite suspension from practice under TJAG; and (4) notification of plaintiffs state bars of the withdrawal and suspensions. See Def-App. A39-40. On June 25, 2013, plaintiff submitted a rebuttal, again arguing that TJAG lacked statutory and regulatory authority to take such disciplinary action against him given that he was no longer in the active Army. See Def-App. A49-60. The same day, plaintiff filed his complaint and motions for a TRO and preliminary injunction in this Court. A hearing was set on plaintiffs Motion for a TRO for the afternoon of July 26, 2013. Prior to the hearing, government counsel informed plaintiff that TJAG had already decided to take the disciplinary action outlined in the June 13, 2013 letter. See Def-App. A62. On August 5, 2013, however, TJAG temporarily suspended the disciplinary action and notification of plaintiffs bar licensing authorities pending this Court’s ruling on plaintiffs Motion for Preliminary Injunction. See Def.’s Notice [Dkt. # 6]. *9 ANALYSIS A preliminary injunction is an “extraordinary and drastic remedy,” Munaf v. Geren, 553 U.S. 674, 689, 128 S.Ct. 2207, 171 L.Ed.2d 1 (2008), and “courts should grant such relief sparingly,” Konarski v. Donovan, 763 F.Supp.2d 128, 133 (D.D.C.2011). The factors a court must consider in determining whether to grant injunctive relief are, of course, familiar: (1) whether plaintiff has a substantial likelihood of success on the merits; (2) whether plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm if the injunction is not granted; (3) whether the injunction will substantially injure other interested parties; and (4) whether the injunction would further the public interest. See Smoking Everywhere, Inc. v. U.S. Food & Drug Admin., 680 F.Supp.2d 62, 66 (D.D.C.2010). While some courts apply these factors on a sliding scale, “the movant must, at minimum demonstrate that irreparable injury is likely in the absence of an injunction.” GEO Specialty Chemicals, Inc. v. Husisian, 923 F.Supp.2d 143, 147 (D.D.C.2013) (citations and quotations omitted) (emphasis in original). “A mere possibility of irreparable haim is not enough, and a court may refuse to issue an injunction without considering any other factors when irreparable harm is not demonstrated.” Id. (citing Winter v. Natural Resources Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 22, 129 S.Ct. 365, 172 L.Ed.2d 249 (2008)). Plaintiff here cannot demonstrate that he will likely suffer irreparable injury under the “high standard” set by our Circuit. See Chaplaincy of Full Gospel Churches v. England, 454 F.3d 290, 297 (D.C.Cir.2006). Under that standard, a movant must demonstrate that the injury about which he complains is “both certain and great” and “of such imminence that there is a ‘clear and present’ need for equitable relief to prevent irreparable harm.” Id. (quoting Wisc. Gas Co. v. FERC, 758 F.2d 669, 674 (D.C.Cir.1985)). Here, plaintiff alleges that he will be irreparably harmed by defendant’s imposition of professional discipline and subsequent notification of his court-martial conviction to his respective bar licensing authorities. According to plaintiff, if this Court does not issue preliminary injunctive relief, “[he] will be confronted with a situation in which the defendant has taken action without authorization, yet the plaintiff will [sic] no recourse, either with the Army, with his state and federal bar disciplinary authorities, or with respect to his reputation in his community and with his clients.” See PI Mot. at 16. I disagree. Plaintiffs allegations as to irreparable harm are not persuasive. First, preliminary injunctive relief cannot prevent TJAG from withdrawing plaintiffs certification under UCMJ Article 27(b) and indefinitely suspending him from practicing before Army Courts or under TJAG. Clearly, TJAG has that authority. Indeed, that disciplinary action was effectively taken by TJAG prior to the TRO hearing on August 26, 2013, leaving as the only remaining issue TJAG’s notification of plaintiffs bar licensing authorities. Plaintiff understandably fears that such notification could lead to reciprocal sanctions by his bar licensing authorities as well as possible reputational injury. 1 See Pl.’s Reply [Dkt. # 13] at 911. This fear alone, however, is not enough to warrant such extraordinary relief, especially where plaintiff has not offered any evidence to substantiate his claim that such harm will likely occur. See Comm, in Solidarity with People of El Sal. (CISPES) v. Sessions, 929 F.2d 742, 745-46 (D.C.Cir.1991) (declining to issue injunctive relief “to prevent injuries neither *10 extant nor presently threatened, but only merely feared”). Indeed, plaintiff acknowledged that he had already notified his bar licensing authorities and clients in 2012 of his general court-martial conviction, Compl. ¶ 43, and none of the authorities in the three states where plaintiff is licensed have taken any action, to date, against him, Compl. ¶ 97. Moreover, as to possible reputational damage within his community, plaintiff has offered no evidence that such harm has either occurred or would likely be irreparable in nature. See Sampson v. Murray, 415 U.S. 61, 91, 94 S.Ct. 937, 39 L.Ed.2d 166 (1974); Beaver v. Seymour, 822 F.2d 66, 69 (D.C.Cir.1987). Having failed to establish that irreparable injury would likely result from a denial of plaintiffs motion, the Court need not reach the other factors necessary to warrant preliminary injunctive relief. See CityFed Fin. Corp. v. Office of Thrift Supervision, 58 F.3d 738, 747 (D.C.Cir.1995). CONCLUSION For all of the foregoing reasons, this Court concludes that plaintiff has failed to carry his burden of persuasion with respect to his request for preliminary injunc-tive relief. Accordingly, plaintiffs Motion for Preliminary Injunction [Dkt. # 3] is DENIED. An appropriate order will issue with this Memorandum Opinion. Footnotes [1] Plaintiff acknowledged that he does not currently represent, nor does he plan to represent in the future, any parties before any Army Courts.