Cipriano Ramos v. State

RAMOS TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN NO. 03-95-00577-CR Cipriano Ramos, Appellant v. The State of Texas, Appellee FROM THE COUNTY COURT OF LAW NO. 3 OF TRAVIS COUNTY NO. 436639, HONORABLE DAVID CRAIN, JUDGE PRESIDING Appellant Cipriano Ramos was convicted in a bench trial of violating a protective order and sentenced to 120 days' confinement plus costs of court. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 25.07 (West 1994 & Supp. 1996). Appellant appeals in two related points of error. We will affirm the judgment of conviction. BACKGROUND On January 5, 1995, Laura Ramos filed an application for a protective order seeking protection from family violence inflicted at the hands of appellant, her adult son. According to Laura Ramos' testimony, appellant would become "high" by sniffing paint or other inhalants and by drinking and then would threaten her and attempt to fight her. Appellant, who was in custody in Travis County at the time for a glue and aerosol paint offense, was served with the notice of application for protective order, a temporary ex parte order, and citation to appear before the court for a show-cause hearing on the application. Because appellant failed to appear at the hearing, a protective order was issued against him by default. (1) On March 21, 1995, appellant was arrested for violating this protective order. He pled guilty and was sentenced to 90 days' confinement plus court costs. Appellant was released from custody on May 7, 1995. On May 11, 1995, appellant's brother again found appellant in the front yard of his mother's house and asked him to leave. Laura Ramos called the police when appellant actually entered the house. Appellant was then arrested and charged a second time with violating the same protective order. This time appellant pled not guilty and was convicted after a bench trial. Appellant now appeals this conviction. DISCUSSION Appellant asserts that the evidence was legally insufficient to support the verdict on the issue of whether a valid protective order existed or on the issue of mens rea, claiming it is undisputed that he never received proper notice or service of the protective order. The critical inquiry on review of the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is whether the record evidence could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This Court does not ask whether it believes that the evidence at trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Instead, the relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318-19 (1979); Griffin v. State, 614 S.W.2d 155, 159 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981). Appellant contends that the State never proved the existence of a valid order because the protective order was statutorily defective. Appellant argues that, because he never received a copy of the order as required by section 71.17 of the Texas Family Code, the State failed to prove that he violated an order as required to support a conviction under section 25.07 of the Texas Penal Code. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 71.17 (West 1996); Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 25.07 (West 1994 & Supp. 1996). Further, appellant argues that the evidence in the record is insufficient to establish that he knew of the existence of a protective order against him. He claims that he was never served with or given an opportunity to read the protective order, that he did not appear at the show-cause hearing, and that he was never told what, if anything, he was prohibited from doing. It is appellant's contention that, because it was impossible for him to knowingly or intentionally violate an order that he knew nothing about, the State failed to establish all the elements of the offense as alleged in the information. In response, the State argues that under the unique facts of this case proof of service of the protective order on appellant is not necessary to uphold appellant's conviction. According to the State, evidence of intent was legally sufficient in this case because the State established that appellant had knowledge of the existence of the court order or was at least aware of it before he committed the offensive act. The State argues that appellant had effective notice of the protective order because, while he was in custody on separate inhalant abuse charges, he was served with notice of application for protective order, a temporary ex parte order, and citation to appear for a show-cause hearing. The notice of application informed appellant that a protective order could issue by default if he failed to appear at the show-cause hearing. Further, the State noted that appellant pled guilty the first time he was arrested for violating the protective order on March 21, 1995. The State claims that appellant's knowing and voluntary guilty plea constituted an admission of every element of the charged offense and that he cannot now disclaim knowledge of the same protective order that he admitted to intentionally violating. We agree. In Small v. State, 809 S.W.2d 253 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 1991, pet. ref'd), the appellant appealed his conviction for violating a protective order, alleging that there was no evidence that he actually knew of the court order and that he therefore could not violate an order he knew nothing about. Id. at 254. The court held that it was an essential element of the offense that the State prove the appellant knowingly and intentionally violated the court order in question beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. The court found that "[u]nless a defendant is somehow aware of what he is prohibited from doing by a specific court order, he cannot be guilty of knowingly and intentionally violating that court order." Id. at 256 (emphasis added). Further, in reversing the conviction, the court in Small noted that "[a]side from indicating that the appellant was served with notice of the hearing on the protective order, there [was] no evidence in [that] record that the appellant agreed to a protective order, attended any hearing or in any way participated, that he was ever served with a copy of the protective order, or that he in any way received notice, formal or informal, of the issuance or existence of the court order in question prior to" his violating it. Id. at 256-57 (emphasis added). In the case at bar, appellant did receive notice, at least informally, of the existence of the court order before he violated it. Appellant was served with the notice of application for protective order, a temporary ex parte order, and citation to appear before the court for a show-cause hearing on the application. Because appellant did not appear at the hearing, and because appellant claims to have never received a copy of the protective order which was granted by default, appellant incorrectly relies on Small to contend that he could not have knowingly and intentionally violated a court order in which he knew nothing about. The notice of an application for protective order contained the warning that "[i]f you do not attend the hearing, a default judgment may be taken and a protective order may be issued against you," and appellant knew that he did not attend the hearing. This case differs from Small because appellant in this case was previously arrested and convicted for going to his mother's house in violation of this same protective order. In fact, appellant pled guilty to this first charge of violating the protective order. Appellant was released from custody on May 7, 1995, only four days before he was again arrested for violating the same order a second time. Thus, not only was appellant served with notice of application for protective order, a temporary ex parte order, and citation to appear for a show-cause hearing, but he also was arrested and pled guilty to violating the same protective order less than two months before the conviction now in dispute. This establishes that he did "receive notice, formal or informal, of the issuance or existence of the court order in question prior to his" violating it. Id. at 257. Any rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that a valid protective order existed and that appellant had knowledge of or was aware of the protective order before going to his mother's house on May 11, 1995. Accordingly, we overrule appellant's points of error. CONCLUSION We affirm the judgment of conviction. Jimmy Carroll, Chief Justice Before Chief Justice Carroll, Justices Aboussie and Kidd Affirmed Filed: May 22, 1996 Publish 1. Appellant asserts that his failure to appear as directed by the citation to appear was not his fault because the Travis County Sheriff's Department did not transport him from custody to the court for his hearing. the same protective order that he admitted to intentionally violating. We agree. In Small v. State, 809 S.W.2d 253 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 1991, pet. ref'd), the appellant appealed his conviction for violating a protective order, alleging that there was no evidence that he actually knew of the court order and that he therefore could not violate an order he knew nothing about. Id. at 254. The court held that it was an essential element of the offense that the State prove the appellant knowingly and intentionally violated the court order in question beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. The court found that "[u]nless a defendant is somehow aware of what he is prohibited from doing by a specific court order, he cannot be guilty of knowingly and intentionally violating that court order." Id. at 256 (emphasis added). Further, in reversing the conviction, the court in Small noted that "[a]side from indicating that the appellant was served with notice of the hearing on the protective order, there [was] no evidence in [that] record that the appellant agreed to a protective order, attended any hearing or in any way participated, that he was ever served with a copy of the protective order, or that he in any way received notice, formal or informal, of the issuance or existence of the court order in question prior to" his violating it. Id. at 256-57 (emphasis added). In the case at bar, appellant did receive notice, at least informally, of the existence of the court order before he violated it. Appellant was served with the notice of application for protective order, a temporary ex parte order, and citation to appear before the court for a show-cause hearing on the application. Because appellant did not appear at the hearing, and because appellant claims to have never received a copy of the protective order which was granted by default, appellant incorrectly relies on Small to contend that he could not have knowingly and intentionally violated a court order in which he knew nothing about. The notice of an application for protective order contained the warning that "[i]f you do not attend the hearing, a default judgment may be taken and a protective order may be issued against you," and appellant knew that he did not attend the hearing. This case differs from Small because appellant in this case was previously arrested and convicted for going to his mother's house in violation of this same protective order