John David McRae v. State

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN NO. 03-97-00181-CR John David McRae, Appellant v. The State of Texas, Appellee FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW OF COMAL COUNTY NO. 96CR-791, HONORABLE FRED CLARK, JUDGE PRESIDING Appellant, John David McRae, was arrested for driving while intoxicated ("DWI"). See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 49.04 (West 1994 & Supp. 1998). He filed a pretrial motion to suppress, arguing that the evidence supporting the DWI charge was discovered during an improper investigative stop by the arresting officer. After a hearing at which the trial court denied his motion, appellant pleaded no contest to the DWI charge. He now appeals from the trial court's judgment, complaining the court erred in denying the motion to suppress because there was insufficient evidence to justify an investigatory stop. We will affirm the judgment of conviction. BACKGROUND The night of November 27, 1995, Deputy Kenneth Hamilton was on patrol on Highway 360 in Comal County when he observed two vehicles traveling toward him at a slow rate of speed. As he passed them, the second vehicle turned around and flashed its bright lights to flag him down. Hamilton stopped his patrol car. The driver of the second vehicle then ran up to Hamilton and told him that the other vehicle was "all over the road" and "was going to kill someone." During this discussion, Hamilton observed what later turned out to be appellant's car turn left down an adjoining road. Hamilton immediately set out in pursuit of the vehicle. Approximately one mile down the road, when Hamilton next saw the car, he observed appellant's vehicle driving half on and half off the paved road, although there was no improved shoulder. After watching the vehicle for a few seconds, Hamilton observed the car return to the road without using a turn signal. At this point he activated his patrol lights and pulled the car over to investigate. As he talked to the driver, Hamilton smelled alcohol on appellant's breath. Hamilton administered a series of sobriety tests which appellant failed, whereupon he attempted to arrest appellant for driving while intoxicated. Appellant resisted arrest and began fighting with Hamilton, who eventually apprehended appellant and placed him in custody. Appellant was charged with driving while intoxicated and resisting arrest. (1) He filed a pretrial motion to suppress evidence which the trial court denied after conducting a hearing. On appeal, appellant claims the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress because there was insufficient evidence to justify an investigatory stop, thereby rendering his detention unlawful. We disagree with appellant's contention and will overrule the point of error. DISCUSSION At a hearing on a motion to suppress evidence, the trial court, as trier of fact, is the sole judge of credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. See Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 543 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990); State v. Carr, 774 S.W.2d 379, 380 (Tex. App.--Austin 1989, no pet.). In reviewing a trial court's ruling on a motion to suppress evidence, an appellate court will not reverse that decision absent a clear showing that the trial court abused its discretion. See Erdman v. State, 861 S.W.2d 890, 893 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). Law enforcement officers may stop and briefly detain persons suspected of criminal activity on less information than is constitutionally required for probable cause to arrest. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 22 (1968). With respect to these investigatory detentions, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals recently held: [T]he reasonableness of a temporary detention must be examined in terms of the totality of the circumstances and will be justified when the detaining officer has specific articulable facts, which taken together with rational inferences from those facts, lead him to conclude that the person detained actually is, has been, or soon will be engaged in criminal activity. Woods v. State, No. 1574-96, slip op. at 12 (Tex. Crim. App. Nov. 5, 1997). Appellant argues that Hamilton did not have sufficient evidence to make an investigatory stop because the civilian informant was unknown to the officer, the information the informant provided was general in nature, and the corroborating evidence did not rise to the level of reasonable suspicion. (2) Appellant's concentration solely on the credibility of the informant, however, is misplaced. Hamilton did not rely only on the informant's tip to stop appellant. At the hearing on the motion to suppress, Hamilton testified that he personally observed appellant driving half off the road and commit a traffic violation by returning fully to the road without using his turn signal. See Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 545.104 (West 1998). Under the totality of the circumstances test, the trial court could have concluded that the concerned citizen's warning, in addition to Hamilton's own observations, constituted specific articulable facts and created rational inferences to justify the initial stop of appellant. CONCLUSION Considering the informant's tip and Deputy Hamilton's personal observations, we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in denying appellant's motion to suppress. We overrule appellant's point of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court. Marilyn Aboussie, Justice Before Justices Powers, Aboussie and B. A. Smith Affirmed Filed: December 18, 1997 Do Not Publish 1. The resisting arrest charge was eventually dropped. 2. In response, the State relies heavily on State v. Sailo, 910 S.W.2d 184 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1995, pet. ref'd), to support the trial court's decision. In Sailo, an unknown citizen informant told a police officer in person that he had seen a possible drunk driver who was in a car behind him. He reported that the driver's vehicle was all over the road, that the driver had, on two occasions, almost run into a ditch, and he described the vehicle to the officer. The officer, recognizing the area as one which drunk drivers frequented and noting the time to be 2:00 a.m., stopped the vehicle matching the informant's description when it arrived. Although the arresting officer had not observed the driver commit any traffic violations, the court found the informant's tip to be reliable and the investigatory stop justified. Id. at 189. The Sailo court draws much of its analysis from United States v. Sierra-Hernandez, 581 F.2d 760 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 936 (1978). In Sierra-Hernandez, the court noted that a person advising police officers who is not a paid informant is inherently trustworthy. Id. at 763. The court reasoned that a person who presents himself to a police officer while driving a car is especially reliable because of the officer's ability to trace and identify the driver's car. Id. witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. See Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 543 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990); State