State v. Johnny Edward Ratliff

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN NO. 03-96-00699-CR The State of Texas, Appellant v. Johnny Edward Ratliff, Appellee FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 1 OF TOM GREEN COUNTY NO. 96-01352L2, HONORABLE PENNY ROBERTS, JUDGE PRESIDING The trial court granted Johnny Edward Ratliff's motion to suppress evidence obtained on the date of his arrest for the alleged offense of driving while intoxicated. The State appeals the trial court's order, claiming the court erred in granting the motion to suppress. The trial court did not make explicit findings of fact in support of its order; nevertheless, we find there is sufficient evidence in the record to support an implicit finding upon which the trial court could conclude that Ratliff carried his burden of proof. We will affirm the order of the trial court granting Ratliff's motion to suppress. BACKGROUND On April 20, 1996, two San Angelo police officers on DWI patrol began following Ratliff after he pulled out of a bar parking lot. According to officers Moore and Foerster, Ratliff initially appeared to turn toward them but then turned the opposite direction. The officers testified that about two blocks from the bar, Ratliff made a wide turn and in so doing violated sections 545.101 (1) and 545.060 (2) of the Transportation Code. Tex. Transp. Code Ann. (West Supp. 1997). The officers did not stop Ratliff immediately but continued to follow him ten to fifteen blocks before stopping him. After investigation, the officers arrested Ratliff, charging him with driving while intoxicated. At the suppression hearing, the trial court granted Ratliff's motion to suppress. The trial court made no findings of fact, nor did the State request any. DISCUSSION At a hearing on a motion to suppress evidence, the trial court is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and weight of the testimony and can believe or disbelieve all or any part of the testimony. See Taylor v. State, 604 S.W.2d 175, 177 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980); Thomas v. State, 853 S.W.2d 734, 736 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, no pet.); State v. Carr, 774 S.W.2d 379, 380 (Tex. App.--Austin 1989, no pet.). In the absence of explicit findings of fact, "[w]e must presume that the trial judge impliedly found facts in support of [her] ruling on the motion to suppress, and may not disturb any such finding that is supported by sufficient evidence." Thomas, 853 S.W.2d at 736; see also Nickerson v. State, 645 S.W.2d 888, 891 (Tex. App.--Dallas) (holding that appellate court will sustain trial judge's ruling on motion to suppress upon any ground reasonably supported by all circumstances in trial record), aff'd, 660 S.W.2d 825 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). We grant great deference to the trial court's conclusions when they are supported by the record: "[A]s a general rule, the appellate courts . . . should afford almost total deference to a trial court's determination of the historical facts that the record supports especially when the trial court's fact findings are based on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor." Guzman v. State, No. 190-94 (Tex. Crim. App. Sept. 24, 1997). As the sole finder of fact at Ratliff's suppression hearing, the trial judge was free to assess the credibility and weight of the testimony offered by officers Moore and Foerster. See Carr, 774 S.W.2d at 380; Taylor, 604 S.W.2d at 177; Thomas, 853 S.W.2d at 736. After observing the demeanor of the witnesses and hearing their testimony, the court ruled that Ratliff carried his burden of proof on the motion. We may presume that the court made an appropriate finding to support its ruling if there is sufficient evidence to uphold such a finding. See Thomas, 853 S.W.2d at 736; see also Nickerson, 645 S.W.2d at 891. The trial judge in this case could have relied on the following evidence in making her decision: (1) officer Moore testified that Ratliff drifted several times within his lane after the wide turn, but officer Foerster testified that Ratliff drifted up to fifty times within his lane; (2) despite Ratliff's allegedly having committed two traffic violations, the officers waited at least ten blocks before stopping Ratliff; and (3) the officers began to follow Ratliff only upon seeing him pull out of a bar parking lot. In light of the evidence, the trial judge could have disbelieved the officers' testimony regarding the traffic violations as the cause for the stop. Unless the court was persuaded that the traffic violations occasioned the stop, the court could have concluded from the circumstances that the officers pulled Ratliff over solely because they saw him leave a bar parking lot. Proximity to an establishment that sells liquor is not an adequate reason to stop a driver. See Webb v. State, 695 S.W.2d 676, 677 n.1 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1985) (noting that character of area, standing alone, not sufficient to justify traffic stop), aff'd, 739 S.W.2d 802 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987). We conclude there is sufficient evidence to support an implicit finding that the trial court was not persuaded the traffic violations occasioned the stop. Because we give great deference to the trial court's implicit finding of fact, we overrule the State's single point of error. CONCLUSION We affirm the trial court's order granting Ratliff's motion to suppress evidence obtained on the date of his arrest for the alleged offense of driving while intoxicated. Bea Ann Smith, Justice Before Justices Powers, Aboussie and B. A. Smith Affirmed Filed: October 23, 1997 Do Not Publish 1. Section 545.101 provides in pertinent part: "(b) To make a left turn at an intersection, an operator shall: (1) approach the intersection in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to a vehicle moving in the direction of the vehicle. . . ." Tex. Transp. Code Ann. (West Supp. 1997). 2. Section 545.060 provides in pertinent part: "(a) An operator on a roadway divided into two or more clearly marked lanes of traffic: (1) shall drive as nearly as practical entirely within a single lane. . . ." Id. dence." Thomas, 853 S.W.2d at 736; see also Nickerson v. State, 645 S.W.2d 888, 891 (Tex. App.--Dallas) (holding that appellate court will sustain trial judge's ruling on motion to suppress upon any ground reasonably supported by all circumstances in trial record), aff'd, 660 S.W.2d 825 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). We grant great deference to the trial court's conclusions when they are supported by the record: "