Gwen L. Conkleton v. Judge James M. Carlow

In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana ______________________________ No. 06-02-00053-CV ______________________________ GWEN L. CONKLETON, Appellant V. JUDGE JAMES M. CARLOW, JUDGE STEVEN C. YOUNG, JUDGE GIBSON L. HADAWAY, INVESTIGATOR GEORGE W. HUGGINS, OFFICER FRED WALTMAN, Appellees On Appeal from the 102nd Judicial District Court Bowie County, Texas Trial Court No. 01C1256-102 Before Grant, Ross and Cornelius,* JJ. Opinion by Justice Cornelius ____________________________________ *William J. Cornelius, Chief Justice, Retired, Sitting By Assignment O P I N I O N Gwen L. Conkleton appeals from a summary judgment rendered against her in her suit against James M. Carlow, Gibson L. Hadaway, Steven C. Young, George Huggins, and Fred Waltman. Conkleton contends the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear her case, the trial court erred in denying her motion to recuse, and the appellate record is incomplete because documents have been intentionally removed by the district clerk's office in an effort to help the appellees prevail on appeal. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the judgment of the trial court. This appeal arises from the trial court's granting appellees' motion for summary judgment. On July 21, 1999, Conkleton went to the home of Romie Fisher, Conkleton's great-aunt, to borrow money. Conkleton entered Fisher's bedroom and saw Fisher remove $10.00 from an envelope hidden under a pillow on the bed. Fisher gave the money to Conkleton, who then left. Conkleton later returned to Fisher's home with two friends. Conkleton and her friends went inside the house while Fisher remained outside. Conkleton and her friends left shortly thereafter. Fisher went back inside her home to discover approximately $1,560.00 missing from the envelope that had been hidden under a pillow on the bed. Fisher then called the police. On August 23, 1999, deputies with the Bowie County Sheriff's Department executed an arrest warrant for Conkleton for theft of over $1,500.00. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 31.03(e)(4)(A) (Vernon Supp. 2002). Conkleton made bail in the amount of $10,000.00 in that case. Two days later, Bowie County deputies arrested Conkleton on an arrest warrant for the offense of engaging in organized criminal activity. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 71.02(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2002). Conkleton also made $15,000.00 bail in that case. The arrest warrants in both cases were approved by magistrates and accompanied by affidavits from appellee, George Huggins. The Bowie County District Attorney's Office subsequently declined to prosecute the cases against Conkleton. On August 21, 2001, Conkleton filed an original petition in the 102nd Judicial District Court alleging that the appellees had falsely arrested and imprisoned her. James Carlow, County Judge of Bowie County, Gibson L. Hadaway and Steven C. Young, Justices of the Peace for Bowie County, and George Huggins and Fred Waltman, sheriff's deputies with Bowie County, were defendants. On October 5, 2001, Conkleton filed a motion for summary judgment and a motion to recuse the trial judge, the Honorable John Miller, Jr. Appellees filed their response to the recusal motion on October 18, 2001, alleging that Conkleton failed to verify the recusal motion as required by the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. On December 4, 2001, appellees filed a response to Conkleton's motion for summary judgment and filed their own motion for summary judgment. The trial court referred the recusal motion to the Administrative Law Judge, who assigned the Honorable Paul Banner for a hearing pursuant to Tex. R. Civ. P. 18a. Judge Banner denied Conkleton's motion to recuse Judge Miller. On January 30, 2002, the trial court, with the Honorable John Miller, Jr., presiding, denied Conkleton's motion for summary judgment and granted the appellees' motion for summary judgment. In her first point of error, Conkleton contends the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction of this case. (1) Conkleton's petition alleges that Bowie County officials falsely imprisoned her on charges of theft and engaging in organized criminal activity. A district court's jurisdiction consists of appellate and original jurisdiction of all actions, proceedings, and remedies, except in cases where exclusive appellate or original jurisdiction is conferred by the constitution or other law on some other court, tribunal, or administrative body. Tex. Const. art. V, § 8; see also Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 24.007 (Vernon 1988). A district court may hear and determine any cause cognizable by courts of law or equity and may grant any relief that can be granted by either courts of law or equity. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 24.008 (Vernon 1988). False imprisonment is a claim in equity. Kroger Co. v. Demakes, 566 S.W.2d 653 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1978, writ ref'd n.r.e.); see also State v. Vargas, 419 S.W.2d 926 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1967), aff'd, 424 S.W.2d 416 (1968) (district court has jurisdiction over false imprisonment claim). Thus, the district court had subject matter jurisdiction to hear Conkleton's case. In her second point, Conkleton contends Judge Banner erred by denying her motion to recuse Judge Miller. Conkleton's recusal motion alleged that Judge Miller "works closely with members of the criminal justice system [who prosecute] crimes for this district just like all said defendants" and that she "just [does] not trust Judge Miller and [does] not believe he will be able to try this case fairly and impartially." [A]ny party may file with the clerk of the court a motion stating grounds why the judge before whom the case is pending should not sit in the case. The grounds may include any disability of the judge to sit in the case. The motion shall be verified and must state with particularity the grounds why the judge before whom the case is pending should not sit. The motion shall be made on personal knowledge and shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence provided that facts may be stated upon information and belief if grounds of such are specifically stated. Tex. R. Civ. P. 18a(a) (emphasis added). We review the denial of a motion to recuse by an abuse of discretion standard. Tex. R. Civ. P. 18a(f). The test for abuse of discretion is not whether, in the opinion of the reviewing court, the facts present an appropriate case for the trial court's action, but rather, whether the court acted without reference to any guiding rules or principles, and the mere fact that a trial court may decide a matter within its discretionary authority differently than an appellate judge would, does not demonstrate such an abuse. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238 (Tex. 1985). A trial court does not abuse its discretion by overruling a recusal motion that does not comply with the rules. Stafford v. State, 63 S.W.3d 502, 507 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 2001, pet. ref'd); Gill v. Tex. Dep't of Criminal Justice, Inst. Div., 3 S.W.3d 576, 579 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.). Conkleton's recusal motion is unverified. Thus, her motion fails to meet the requirements of Rule 18a, so the trial court did not err by denying her motion. In her third point, Conkleton contends that "the Bowie County District Court knowingly and intentionally left out filed [sic] marked copies of the plaintiff's plea and motion just to give the defendant[s] an advantage over this case." A pro se litigant is held to the same standards as licensed attorneys and must therefore comply with applicable laws and rules of procedure. Chandler v. Chandler, 991 S.W.2d 367, 379 (Tex. App.-El Paso 1999, pet. denied), cert. denied, 529 U.S. 1054 (2000); In re Estate of Dilasky, 972 S.W.2d 763 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1998, no pet.); Greenstreet v. Heiskell, 940 S.W.2d 831, 834 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 1997, no writ); Clark v. Yarbrough, 900 S.W.2d 406, 409 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 1995, writ denied). No allowance is to be made for the fact that a litigant is not an attorney. Weaver v. E-Z Mart Stores, Inc., 942 S.W.2d 167, 169 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 1997, no writ). If pro se litigants were not required to comply with the applicable procedural rules, they would be given an unfair advantage over litigants represented by counsel. Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184-85 (Tex. 1978); Lin v. Houston Cmty. Coll. Sys., 948 S.W.2d 328, 336 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 1997, writ denied). Conkleton presents no further argument or authorities in support of her third point of error. She does not indicate what documents she believes are missing from the appellate record; she instead phrases her argument in broad, general terms. She has not filed a request to have the appellate record supplemented. See Tex. R. App. P. 34.5(c). She does not specify or describe the allegedly missing pleadings or include an appendix with file-marked copies of the documents she claims are absent. Conkleton also has not requested an abatement for a hearing before the trial court on the allegedly missing documents. A point of error that is not adequately supported by either argument or authorities is waived. Ralston Purina Co. v. McKendrick, 850 S.W.2d 629, 637 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1993, writ denied). After a search of the record, we are unable to discern what documents Conkleton believes are missing; therefore, Conkleton's final point of error is overruled. For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court's judgment. William J. Cornelius* Justice Date Submitted: August 8, 2002 Date Decided: October 31, 2002 Do Not Publish *William J. Cornelius, Chief Justice, Retired, Sitting by Assignment 1. We note an interesting paradox in Conkleton's first point of error: she chose to file her suit with the district court, presumably because she believed the court had subject matter jurisdiction; now she would have us find she was mistaken to file her suit with the district court. Though we might be tempted to dismiss her point of error as the result of her own doing, such a course is improper. Unlike personal jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived. Therefore, we will address the merits of her claim.