Johnny Lee Baker v. State

In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana ______________________________ No. 06-08-00091-CR ______________________________ JOHNNY LEE BAKER, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee On Appeal from the Fourth Judicial District Court Rusk County, Texas Trial Court No. CR08-085 Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ. Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter MEMORANDUM OPINION A Rusk County jury found Johnny Lee Baker guilty of felony driving while intoxicated (DWI). Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 49.04 (Vernon 2003), § 49.09 (Vernon Supp. 2008). That same jury assessed an enhanced punishment of fifty years' imprisonment. Baker now appeals, claiming as his sole point of error that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. He contends that trial counsel was ineffective by failing to subpoena a former jailer who could corroborate the testimony of a jail trusty that Baker requested and was refused a breath test. I. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL Baker bears the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that trial counsel was ineffective. Cannon v. State, 668 S.W.2d 401, 403 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). The standard for testing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel is set out in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). To prevail on such a claim, an appellant must prove by a preponderance of the evidence (1) that his or her counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and (2) that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Id. at 689; Rosales v. State, 4 S.W.3d 228, 231 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). To meet this burden, the appellant must prove that the attorney's representation fell below the standard of prevailing professional norms and that there is a reasonable probability that, but for the attorney's deficiency, the result of the trial would have been different. Tong v. State, 25 S.W.3d 707, 712 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Mata v. State, 226 S.W.3d 425, 429 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Under this standard, a claimant must prove that counsel's representation so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 686. Failure to satisfy either prong of the Strickland test is fatal to the claim. Jaubert v. State, 74 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). We evaluate counsel's performance while taking into consideration the totality of representation and the particular circumstances of this case. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). There is a strong presumption that counsel's conduct fell within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689; Tong, 25 S.W.3d at 712. Therefore, we will not use hindsight to second-guess counsel's trial strategy. Hall v. State, 161 S.W.3d 142, 152 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2005, pet. ref'd). Instead, we look to the record. (1) Any allegation of ineffectiveness must be firmly founded in the record, and the record must affirmatively demonstrate the alleged ineffectiveness. Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813; Smith v. State, 51 S.W.3d 806, 813 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2001, no pet.). II. DISCUSSION A. Deficient Performance The record suggests that trial counsel did attempt to investigate the testimony the former jailer would have provided. She had some difficulty in locating him, having contacted two former employers to no avail. Eventually, she learned that the former jailer was in Arizona. Trial counsel unsuccessfully moved for a continuance on that basis. She explained to the trial court her efforts in trying to investigate the nature of the testimony the former jailer would provide. The State stipulated as to the portion of the investigation in which it participated and expressly offered no objection to her account of the efforts she made. We note that trial counsel was appointed March 14, 2008, and trial was held April 9, 2008. During that approximately three weeks, trial counsel attempted to locate the former jailer locally, finally discovered that he had moved to Arizona, but was unable to secure his presence at trial. We cannot conclude from this record that Baker has shown that trial counsel's efforts to find the former jailer, efforts made during the three weeks between appointment and trial, fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. (2) B. Prejudice Baker's claim would also fail under the second prong of the Strickland test. A jail trusty testified that he heard Baker request a breath test and heard officers refuse to give him one. While we are aware of the credibility issues that are sometimes involved with the testimony of inmates, we note that similar credibility concerns would have been involved with the former jailer's testimony considering the State's evidence that would have established that he was terminated from his job for untruthfulness. Further, duplicate testimony that Baker requested and was refused a breath test is only slightly relevant on the issue of whether Baker was intoxicated, not nearly to the degree that its absence undermines our confidence in the verdict. See Mata, 226 S.W.3d at 429. Even taken as true, this testimony would only provide more evidence that Baker believed he was not intoxicated. In other words, even if the jury heard more testimony on the alleged refusal of Baker's request for a breath test, that fact alone would not exonerate him. III. CONCLUSION Baker has failed to satisfy his burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that trial counsel was ineffective under the standard set out in Strickland. The record does not show that trial counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. Further, even if trial counsel's performance had been deficient, Baker cannot show that the deficient performance prejudiced his defense when the testimony of which he complains would have been cumulative, easily impeached, and only marginally relevant to an issue not directly related to the elements of the offense charged. We overrule Baker's point of error and affirm the trial court's judgment. Jack Carter Justice Date Submitted: October 2, 2008 Date Decided: November 18, 2008 Do Not Publish 1. We note that when, as here, ineffective assistance is raised on direct appeal, appellate counsel and the appellate court must proceed on a trial record not developed for the object of litigating or preserving the claim and thus often incomplete or inadequate for this purpose. Freeman v. State, 125 S.W.3d 505, 506 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003); Fuller v. State, 224 S.W.3d 823, 828-29 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2007, no pet.); cf. Massaro v. United States, 538 U.S. 500, 504-05 (2003). Nonetheless, some claims may be disposed of on direct appeal where "trial counsel's ineffectiveness is so apparent from the record." Massaro, 538 U.S. at 508; Freeman, 125 S.W.3d at 506; see also Andrews v. State, 159 S.W.3d 98, 103 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814 n.6. "[W]hen no reasonable trial strategy could justify the trial counsel's conduct, counsel's performance falls below an objective standard of reasonableness as a matter of law, regardless of whether the record adequately reflects the trial counsel's subjective reasons for acting as she did." Andrews, 159 S.W.3d at 102. A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, on an undeveloped record on direct appeal, should, nonetheless, "be entertained and upheld if supported by the record." Fuller, 224 S.W.3d at 828-29; see also Oldham v. State, 977 S.W.2d 354, 360 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). If the record on direct appeal is inadequate, habeas corpus is the more appropriate avenue for developing the record on this issue. Moore v. State, 227 S.W.3d 421, 426 n.1 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2007, pet. ref'd). Moreover, if the appellate court can imagine a strategic motive to explain the ineffective assistance claim, then the reviewing court may not sustain the appellant's point of error. Freeman, 125 S.W.3d at 511 (citing Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d 828, 833 n.13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)). 2. The State made a record on its reasons for opposing the motion for continuance, challenging the materiality of the former jailer's testimony by calling the former jailer's former supervisor, who explained that the former jailer had lied to her and another supervisor concerning his reasons for missing work. These allegations of untruthfulness are an important consideration. It is conceivable that trial counsel would have opted not to call the jailer so as to avoid the State's likely impeachment of the jailer with those allegations, a conceivably reasonable strategy in avoiding calling an easily impeached witness to testify on a matter that was already before the jury and ultimately not directly related to an element of the offense charged.