David Joe Cortez v. State

NO. 07-02-0116-CR IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS AT AMARILLO PANEL D AUGUST 21, 2002 ______________________________ DAVID JOE CORTEZ , Appellant v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee _________________________________ FROM THE 47TH DISTRICT COURT OF RANDALL COUNTY; NO. 13671-A; HON. DAVID L. GLEASON, PRESIDING _______________________________ Before BOYD, C.J., QUINN and REAVIS, JJ. David Joe Cortez (appellant) appeals his conviction for delivery of a controlled substance, a first degree felony. Pursuant to a plea of guilty, but without benefit of an agreed recommendation from the State as to punishment, the trial court found him guilty and assessed punishment at thirty years in the Texas Department of Corrections Institutional Division. Appellant now appeals his conviction. Appellant's appointed counsel has filed a motion to withdraw, together with an Anders (1) brief, wherein she certifies that, after diligently searching the record, she has concluded that appellant's appeal is without merit. Along with her brief, appellate counsel has attached a copy of a letter sent to appellant informing him of counsel's belief that there was no reversible error and of appellant's right to appeal pro se. By letter dated July 11, 2002, this court notified appellant of his right to file his own brief or response by August 7, 2002, if he wished to do so. To date, appellant has failed to file a response or a motion for extension of time to file same. In her Anders brief, appellant's counsel explained why she concluded that no arguable basis for appeal existed. She considered such things as the 1) sufficiency of the indictment to state an offense and invoke the trial court's jurisdiction, 2) pre-trial motions regarding appellant's juvenile record to be used at punishment which are permitted by the Texas Family Code, §58.007(g), 3) voluntariness of appellant's plea and the statutory admonitions given by the trial court, 4) existence of evidence supporting the finding of guilt, and 5) fact that punishment was assessed within the range allowed by law. Thereafter, we conducted our own review of the record to assess the accuracy of appellate counsel's conclusions and to uncover any error, reversible or otherwise, pursuant to Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d 503 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). Our own review not only confirmed the accuracy of appellate counsel's representations but also failed to reveal any error. Accordingly, the motion to withdraw is granted and the judgment is affirmed. Brian Quinn Justice Do not publish. 1. Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744-45, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). al offense that also constitutes an act of family violence under Title 4 and the offense occurred: (A) within two years before the date on which a suit for dissolution of the marriage is filed; or (B) while the suit is pending; or (2) the duration of the marriage was 10 years or longer, the spouse seeking maintenance lacks sufficient property, including property distributed to the spouse under this code, to provide for the spouse's minimum reasonable needs, as limited by Section 8.054, and the spouse seeking maintenance: (A) is unable to support himself or herself through appropriate employment because of an incapacitating physical or mental disability; (B) is the custodian of a child of the marriage of any age who requires substantial care and personal supervision because a physical or mental disability makes it necessary, taking into consideration the needs of the child, that the spouse not be employed outside the home; or (C) clearly lacks earning ability in the labor market adequate to provide support for the spouse's minimum reasonable needs, as limited by Section 8.054. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 8.051 (Vernon 2006). Chapter 8 also establishes a presumption against an award of spousal maintenance which may be overcome by evidence the spouse seeking maintenance has exercised diligence in seeking suitable employment or developing skills to become self supporting, or is unable to do so because the spouse or a child under the spouse's care suffers from a disability. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 8.053 (Vernon 2006); see Pickens v. Pickens, 62 S.W.3d 212, 215 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2001, pet. denied) (addressing disability). Additional limitations are placed on the amount and duration of maintenance awards. Monthly maintenance may be no more than 20 percent of the obligor's average gross income or $2500, whichever is less. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 8.055 (Vernon 2006). The period of payments must be limited to "the shortest reasonable period that allows the spouse seeking maintenance to meet the spouse's minimum reasonable needs by obtaining appropriate employment or developing an appropriate skill," unless the spouse's ability to provide for the spouse's own needs is precluded by disability, care for a young child or other "compelling impediment." Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 8.054(a) (Vernon 2006). We review an award of spousal maintenance for abuse of discretion. Alexander v. Alexander, 982 S.W.2d 116, 119 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, no pet). The trial court does not abuse its discretion if there is some probative and substantive evidence to support the trial court's decision or if the evidence is conflicting. In re A.S.M., 172 S.W.3d 710, 717 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2005, no pet.). Where, as here, no findings of fact and conclusions of law are requested or filed, we presume the court made findings necessary to support its judgment. Yarbrough v. Yarbrough, 151 S.W.3d 687, 690 (Tex.App.-Waco 2004, no pet.). Further, the judgment must be affirmed if it can be upheld on any legal theory supported by the evidence. Id. We agree with Hector's position there is no evidence of family violence or evidence that Rachel is unable to support herself because of an incapacitating disability. (2) The trial court's order can be upheld only if there is some probative evidence supporting implied findings that (1) the parties were married at least ten years, (2) Rachel lacks sufficient property to provide for her minimum reasonable needs, and (3) she clearly lacks earning ability adequate to provide for her minimum reasonable needs. Limbaugh v. Limbaugh, 71 S.W.3d 1, 12 (Tex.App.-Waco 2002, no pet.). There is no question the parties were married more than ten years. Hector also concedes that Rachel lacks sufficient property to provide for her minimum reasonable needs. Hector's brief and our review focus on the third element. The presence of that element depends on two factual determinations: Rachel's minimum reasonable needs, and whether she clearly lacked the earning ability to meet those needs. Rachel testified her expenses totaled $2824 a month, and submitted a list of monthly expenses totaling that amount. The list included the monthly payments on the 1998 Blazer, for which she was responsible under the property division, but the list did not include other needs to which Rachel testified, such as the need for new tires for the vehicle. (3) Her testimony and the list provide some probative evidence from which the court could determine her minimum reasonable needs. See Limbaugh, 71 S.W.3d at 14 (relying on similar evidence to support findings of minimum reasonable needs). Rachel's employment history is not fully developed in the evidence. As noted, at some time during the marriage, she obtained a college degree. She testified she did not hold a state teacher's certificate, (4) but had taught in a private high school that did not require certification. She last taught during the school year ending in 2003. After she and Celeste moved to Austin in the summer of 2004, Rachel worked at a department store and, for a week, at another job. She also worked part-time as a substitute teacher, earning $70 a day. Her tax return shows total 2004 wages of just over $1500. Rachel testified she borrowed money from several family members and friends. In January 2005, she obtained a full-time job as a recruiter for Austin Community College. She said her health insurance through her employer would become effective on May 1, 2005. Her monthly net income from her full-time employment was $2170, leaving a shortfall of some $650 a month when compared with her estimate of monthly expenses of $2824. Rachel's progression from part-time to full-time employment, with increasing benefits, during the pendency of the divorce proceeding provides some evidence she exercised diligence in seeking suitable employment. The trial court did not abuse its discretion through its implied finding that she overcame the presumption established by section 8.053(a). Hector argues that Rachel's possession of a college degree and her acquisition of full-time employment by the time of trial disqualify her from spousal maintenance through the operation of section 8.054, which limits the duration of maintenance to the "shortest reasonable period that allows the spouse seeking maintenance to meet the spouse's minimum reasonable needs by obtaining appropriate employment or developing an appropriate skill . . . ." Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 8.054 (Vernon 2006). He contends the evidence is clear that Rachel has appropriate skills and had obtained appropriate employment. We do not agree that the possession of a college degree disqualifies one from spousal maintenance. See Deltuva v. Deltuva, 113 S.W.3d 882, 888 (Tex.App.- Dallas 2003, no pet.) (award of spousal maintenance to college graduate realtor not abuse of discretion). Nor do we agree that Rachel's mere obtaining of full-time employment precludes the award of spousal maintenance to her when evidence shows she still is not yet able to meet her minimum reasonable needs. Section 8.054 does not focus simply on the period necessary to obtain employment, but that which allows the spouse to meet minimum reasonable needs. Hector's argument is essentially the same as that rejected by the court in In re Marriage of Hale, 975 S.W.2d 694 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1998, no pet.), which found no statutory language and no authority to support the husband's contention that the wife's gainful employment during their separation before divorce precluded an award of spousal maintenance. (5) Id. at 698. We find no abuse of discretion in the trial court's implicit finding that Rachel, at the time of trial, clearly lacked earning ability in the labor market adequate to provide support for her minimum reasonable needs. See Deltuva, 113 S.W.3d at 888 (no abuse of discretion in award of maintenance to wife who acquired real estate license and sold one house before trial) (citing Limbaugh, 71 S.W.3d at 15). Appellant's issue is overruled, and the trial court's judgment is affirmed. James T. Campbell Justice 1. Evidence indicates both spouses benefitted from the proceeds of the loan. 2. Hector does not deny that Rachel was unable to work while recovering from surgery to treat her cancer. However, those events occurred before the divorce petition was filed. 3. Rachel's evidence also included a list of unpaid medical expenses totaling some $7100. Her monthly expense list did not make any provision for payment of those medical expenses. 4. She said she attempted to obtain state certification at one point, but did not "pass the test." 5. We recognize Rachel's earning ability in the labor market greatly exceeds that of the wife seeking maintenance in Marriage of Hale, 975 S.W.2d at 695-96. That difference does not detract from the applicability of the court's holding to our situation.