Overseas Enterprises USA, Inc. v. Dewayne Whatley D/B/A Custom Metal & Siding

In The Court of Appeals Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont ____________________ NO. 09-07-565 CV ____________________ OVERSEAS ENTERPRISES USA, INC., Appellant V. DEWAYNE WHATLEY d/b/a CUSTOM METAL & SIDING, Appellee On Appeal from the 128th District Court Orange County, Texas Trial Cause No. A040439-C MEMORANDUM OPINION This is an appeal from a summary judgment. We reverse and remand. Background Appellee, Dewayne Whatley d/b/a Custom Metal & Siding ("CMS"), a subcontractor, sued appellant, Overseas Enterprises USA, Inc. ("Overseas") to recover $16,404.29 for goods, equipment, services, and supplies CMS provided "at the special instance and request of [T-N-T] Construction, the general contractor and agent of Defendant OVERSEAS. . . ." CMS pled, among other alleged bases for relief, that it was entitled to recover based upon a sworn account, and that it properly filed and perfected a mechanic's and materialman's lien. Overseas filed a third-party petition that named Thomas McGlothlin d/b/a T-N-T Construction as a defendant, (1) and Overseas subsequently obtained a default judgment. CMS filed a traditional motion for summary judgment, in which it asserted two bases for recovery: that it was entitled to recover based upon a sworn account with Overseas, and entitled to an award of foreclosure on the property by an order of sale because CMS properly filed and perfected a mechanic's and materialman's lien. Included among CMS's summary judgment evidence were invoices from CMS to T-N-T, which totaled $16,404.29. CMS also included as evidence Whatley's affidavit, in which he attested that the invoices were unpaid, and that while virtually all of the labor for the construction of the project was performed and completed in March of 2004, CMS also returned in May of 2004 to repair the roof. In addition, CMS attached as summary judgment evidence a copy of CMS's mechanic's and materialman's lien affidavit executed by Whatley, in which Whatley averred that pursuant to a contract, CMS furnished labor and materials for construction of an office building and a metal building on Overseas's premises, and that $16,404.29 was still owed under the contract. The trial court granted CMS's motion for summary judgment, ordered that CMS recover $16,404.29 from Overseas, together with pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and attorney's fees, and also ordered that CMS be awarded an Order of Sale for all material, machinery, real property, and all other personal property claimed by the affidavit for Mechanic's and Materialman's Lien against the property in Orange County, Texas filed at Volume 1442, Page 796 on June 24, 2004 in the Official Public Records of Orange County, Texas. Overseas then filed this appeal, in which it presents four issues for our review. Standard of Review We review summary judgment orders de novo. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005); Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). The movant for a traditional summary judgment has the burden to establish that no genuine issues of material fact exist and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex. 1985). If the moving party produces evidence entitling it to summary judgment, the burden shifts to the nonmovant to present evidence that raises a material fact issue. Walker v. Harris, 924 S.W.2d 375, 377 (Tex. 1996). In deciding whether there is a disputed material fact issue precluding summary judgment, evidence favorable to the nonmovant will be taken as true. Nixon, 690 S.W.2d at 548-49. Every reasonable inference must be indulged in favor of the nonmovant and any doubts resolved in his favor. Id. An appellate court may affirm a summary judgment on any ground the movant presented in its motion for summary judgment, regardless of whether the trial court identified the ground it relied upon in granting summary judgment. See Cincinnati Life Ins. Co. v. Cates, 927 S.W.2d 623, 625 (Tex. 1996). Issue One In its first issue, Overseas argues the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of CMS because no contract or account existed between Overseas and CMS. To recover for breach of contract, a plaintiff must prove the existence of a valid enforceable contract; that the plaintiff performed; that the defendant breached the contract; and that the defendant's breach caused the plaintiff's injury. Winchek v. Am. Express Travel Related Servs. Co., 232 S.W.3d 197, 202 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.). In this case, the invoices CMS attached as summary judgment evidence proved that it had a contract with T-N-T, but did not demonstrate that CMS had a contract with Overseas. Furthermore, with its response to the motion for summary judgment, Overseas attached as evidence the deposition of Kapodia, during which Kapodia testified that he had no business relationship with CMS. Therefore, CMS did not show that it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law with respect to its claim for breach of contract. See id.; Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). Accordingly, the trial court erred by granting summary judgment based upon CMS's breach of contract claim. The elements of a suit on a sworn account are as follows: the plaintiff sold goods or furnished services to the defendant; the prices charged were just and true; the petition contains a systematic record of the transaction; all lawful offsets, payments, and credits have been applied; the account remains unpaid; the damages are liquidated; and the plaintiff filed the petition under oath. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 185; see also Airborne Freight Corp. v. CRB Mktg, Inc., 566 S.W.2d 573, 574 (Tex. 1978) (citing Tex. R. Civ. P. 185). A suit on a sworn account must be brought by and against the parties to the transaction. See Tully v. Citibank, 173 S.W.3d 212, 216 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 2005, no pet.). As discussed above, CMS failed to establish that a contract or other business relationship existed between CMS and Overseas. CMS provided as summary judgment evidence Whatley's affidavit, in which Whatley averred that $16,404.29 was "due and owing from OVERSEAS, and/or its general contractor, Thomas McGlothin [sic] dba T-N-T Construction." In the next paragraph of the affidavit, Whatley also averred that the alleged account "arises out of business dealings between Custom Metal and OVERSEAS and Thomas McGlothin [sic] dba T-N-T Construction." However, the invoices CMS provided as summary judgment evidence were invoices that CMS sent to T-N-T, not to Overseas, and CMS provided no other documentary evidence supporting its claim that an account existed between CMS and Overseas. Whatley's affidavit averred that a contract or sworn account existed between Overseas and CMS; however, because the documentary evidence indicates otherwise, Whatley's affidavit at most creates a fact issue as to whether such a contract or sworn account existed. CMS did not show that it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law with respect to its claim based upon a sworn account. See Tully, 173 S.W.3d at 216; see generally Tex. R. Civ. P. 185. Accordingly, the trial court erred by granting summary judgment in favor of CMS based upon CMS's sworn account claim. Issue Two In its second issue, Overseas asserts that CMS failed to comply with the requirements of sections 53.055 and 53.056 of the Property Code. See id. §§ 53.055, 53.056. Section 53.055 provides as follows: (a) A person who files an affidavit must send a copy of the affidavit by registered or certified mail to the owner or reputed owner at the owner's last known business or residence address not later than the fifth day after the date the affidavit is filed with the county clerk. (b) If the person is not an original contractor, the person must also send a copy of the affidavit to the original contractor at the original contractor's last known business or residence address within the same period. Id. § 53.055. The summary judgment evidence before the trial court established that on June 11, 2004, CMS's counsel sent a letter to Overseas concerning CMS's intent to perfect a lien, and an enclosure was sent with the letter. Overseas admitted in its pleadings that it received a letter from CMS evidencing CMS's intent to perfect a lien, and the letter was accompanied by an unsigned and unfiled copy of the affidavit that CMS subsequently filed. Overseas also attached a copy of the letter from CMS to one of its responses to CMS's motion for summary judgment. CMS filed its lien affidavit with the county clerk on June 24, 2004. Nothing in section 53.055 mandates that a subcontractor cannot give notice to the owner before filing the lien affidavit with the county clerk. See id. In fact, Texas courts have held that the statute does not prohibit giving notice before the lien affidavit is filed. New AAA Apartment Plumbers, Inc. v. DPMC-Briarcliff, L.P., 145 S.W.3d 728, 730 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.) (citing Hammons v. Tex. Pride Landscape, No. 05-99-980-CV, 2000 WL 567108, at *4 (Tex. App.-Dallas May 10, 2000, pet. denied) (mem. op.)). Thus, the summary judgment record demonstrates that CMS complied with subsection 53.055(a). However, nothing in the record reflects that CMS gave notice to T-N-T as required by section 53.055(b). See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 53.055(b). Therefore, we find that the trial court erred by concluding that CMS had complied with the requirements of section 53.055. See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 53.055(b); see also id. § 53.051 ("To perfect the lien, a person must comply with this subchapter."). Further, section 53.056 of the Property Code provides as follows, in pertinent part: (a) Except as provided by Subchapter K, a claimant other than an original contractor must give the notice prescribed by this section for the lien to be valid. (b) If the lien arises from a debt incurred by a subcontractor, the claimant must give to the original contractor written notice of the unpaid balance. The claimant must give the notice not later than the 15th day of the second month following each month in which all or part of the claimant's labor was performed or material delivered. The claimant must give the same notice to the owner or reputed owner and the original contractor not later than the 15th day of the third month following each month in which all or part of the claimant's labor was performed or material or specially fabricated material was delivered. (c) If the lien claim arises from a debt incurred by the original contractor, the claimant must give notice to the owner or reputed owner, with a copy to the original contractor, in accordance with Subsection (b). Id. § 53.056(a) - (c). CMS was required to provide timely notice to Overseas and T-N-T of the unpaid balance. See id. § 53.056(c). However, as discussed above, nothing in the record demonstrates that CMS provided the required notice to T-N-T. Accordingly, the trial court erred in concluding that CMS had satisfied the requirements of section 53.056(c). See id. Conclusion Because CMS did not establish that it complied with the requirements of section 53.055 and 53.056 of the Property Code, the trial court erred by granting summary judgment in favor of CMS with respect to CMS's mechanic's and materialman's lien. See id. §§ 53.055, 53.056. Furthermore, because CMS did not establish the existence of a contract or account between CMS and Overseas, the trial court erred by granting summary judgment in favor of CMS based upon such alleged contract or sworn account. Accordingly, we sustain issues one and two, reverse the trial court's judgment, and remand this cause for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We need not address Overseas's remaining issues, as they would not result in greater relief. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1. REVERSED AND REMANDED. STEVE McKEITHEN Chief Justice Submitted on July 29, 2008 Opinion Delivered August 28, 2008 Before McKeithen, C.J., Kreger and Horton, JJ. 1. Thomas McGlothlin d/b/a T-N-T Construction was not a party to the summary judgment we are reviewing here. We note that in various parts of the record, McGlothlin's surname is also spelled "McGlothin."