Leonard Dean Hughes v. State

Leonard Dean Hughes v. State of Texas IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS No. 10-98-181-CR LEONARD DEAN HUGHES, Appellant v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee From the 25th District Court Guadalupe County, Texas Trial Court # 97-0800-CR OPINION ON REHEARING Appellant Leonard Hughes was charged with three counts of sexual assault against two girls under 17 years of age. Both complainants testified at trial. Appellant was found guilty of two counts and sentenced to 17 years’ incarceration. Appellant filed a motion for new trial which was overruled by operation of law, then perfected appeal to this court. In an opinion issued January 19, 2000 we affirmed the judgment of the trial court, and Appellant has filed a motion for rehearing. Appellant has also filed a motion to abate the appeal, requesting that we apply Rule of Appellate Procedure 2(b) to suspend the imposition of the rules and allow appellant to file an out of time motion for new trial in the trial court, based on newly discovered evidence. We address each motion in turn. MOTION FOR REHEARING Appellant’s first issue on appeal asserted he was denied his 6th Amendment right of confrontation when he was prevented from cross-examining one of the complainants and her father concerning the complainant’s prior allegations of sexual abuse. At the outset of the trial, the court sustained the State’s motion in limine excluding allusions to the previous sexual conduct of either complainant until such evidence was shown to be admissible outside the presence of the jury. During a recess in the proceedings, Appellant requested a hearing on the State’s motion in limine to establish the relevance of evidence that M.W., one of the complainants, had previously made false allegations of sexual abuse against others. The stated purpose for admission of such evidence was to impeach M.W.’s credibility. With the jury absent, Appellant’s attorney asked the complainant whether she was removed from her home by Child Protective Services after making allegations of sexual abuse against her father. She indicated that she was removed, but that the allegations were not made by her but rather by her mother. Appellant’s attorney then questioned M.W. about an interview contained in a Comal County police report in which she and her sister had made certain allegations of abuse against her cousin. M.W. indicated that her father directed such accusations at her cousin after her father had been accused. Although Appellant’s attorney referred to the report during cross-examination, the report was neither offered nor admitted into evidence. M.W. reiterated that no allegations of sexual abuse had ever originated with her. Based on this testimony, the trial court excluded the evidence, ruling that the Appellant was not allowed to cross-examine M.W. on this matter before the jury. Appellant asserted on appeal that the trial court’s prevention of cross-examination of the complainant before the jury about the prior allegations of abuse amounted to a denial of Appellant’s Sixth Amendment right of confrontation. We held that, because M.W. testified that she had never personally made any allegations of sexual abuse, cross-examination concerning those matters would not have impeachment value and the trial court did not err in preventing such cross-examination. On rehearing, Appellant urges that the record reveals that “previous to her accusation against Appellant, there is evidence that M.W. or her parents on her behalf falsely accused someone, either her father [Joe W.] or her cousin, of sexual abuse.” Consequently, Appellant contends that he should have been allowed to explore M.W.’s credibility before the jury. In Hughes v. State , the Appellant sought to impeach the complainant’s credibility with testimony from her mother that the complainant had made prior false allegations of sexual abuse against two men. Hughes v. State, 850 S.W.2d 260, 263 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1993, pet ref’d). The court of appeals held that the evidence was properly excluded because Hughes failed to show that the accusations were, in fact, false. Id. The court concluded that, without a showing that the accusations were false, “the excluded evidence does not establish a motive for the complainant to lie in the case at bar.” Id. In Lackey v. State, the trial court excluded evidence that the mother of the complainant had previously accused an ex-husband of “fooling around” with one of her daughters. Lackey v. State, 777 S.W.2d 199, 200 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1989, no pet). Because the evidence establishing the State’s case was presented primarily by the complainant herself and her brother, the court of appeals held that the evidence excluded did not call into question the credibility of witnesses crucial to the establishment of the offense. Id. We conclude that, as a predicate to the admission of evidence of prior false allegations of sexual abuse, the offering party must establish that the evidence reasonably calls into question the credibility of a witness crucial to the establishment of the offense. See Beckley v. State, 827 S.W.2d 74, 77 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1992, no writ). In the case at bar, the primary witnesses for the State were the two complainants. At the hearing on the State’s motion in limine, M.W. clearly testifies that she had never made allegations of sexual misconduct against anyone, and that any such allegations originated with her parents. The trial court could properly have concluded that the evidence was not probative of the complainant’s credibility, or alternatively that its probative value was substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice or confusion of the issues. See Tex. R. Evid. 403. Because appellant did not present evidence of “facts from which jurors could appropriately draw inferences relating to the reliability of the witness,” restriction of his cross-examination did not amount to a violation of the confrontation clause. See Olden v. Kentucky, 488 U.S. 227, 231, 109 S.Ct. 480, 483, 102 L.Ed.2d 513, 519 (1988). Appellants first issue for rehearing is overruled. The State also requested and was granted a motion in limine with respect to the complainant’s father, Joe W., to prevent Appellant’s cross-examination regarding the prior allegations of abuse until Appellant made a preliminary showing of relevance. The trial court later sustained the State’s relevance objection when, during Appellant’s cross-examination of Joe W., he began to discuss the prior allegations. The Appellant did not request a hearing outside the jury’s presence, nor did he make an offer of proof to explore the substance of testimony he desired to elicit. Furthermore, the substance of the testimony was not apparent from the context in which the questions were asked. See Tex. R. Evid. 103(a)(2). Consequently, we held that Appellant failed to preserve any error in the exclusion of the evidence. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). On rehearing, Appellant asserts that the State’s objection and the trial court’s adverse ruling sufficiently preserved error because the substance of the evidence had been revealed through the earlier testimony of the complainant, M.W. Specifically, Appellant contends that the testimony of M.W. was sufficient to apprise the trial court of the facts Appellant sought to establish and the relevance of those facts to the complainant’s credibility. Although it is clear that the Appellant was attempting to elicit testimony regarding prior allegations of abuse made by M.W., the record does not indicate what Joe W. would have said about the nature of the allegations, their truth or falsity, or at whom they were directed. As discussed at length above, the offering party must establish that the evidence reasonably calls into question the credibility of a witness crucial to the establishment of the offense as a prerequisite to its admission. See Beckley v. State, 827 S.W.2d 74, 77 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1992, no writ); Lackey v. State, 777 S.W.2d 199, 200 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1989, no pet). Appellant made no such showing with respect to either the complainant’s testimony or her father’s. Appellant’s first issue for rehearing is overruled. In his second issue on appeal, Appellant complained of ineffective assistance of counsel, a complaint which raised matters not determinable from the record. See Gonzales v. State, 994 S.W.2d 369, 372-73 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999, no pet.). Appellant included this complaint in a timely filed motion for new trial, but failed to bring his motion to the attention of the court or secure a hearing at which evidence of his complaint could be presented. The trial court did not set the matter for a hearing, and the motion for new trial was overruled by operation of law 75 days after it was filed. We held that Appellant’s filing of the motion with the district clerk alone was insufficient to “present” the motion to the trial court. See Tex. R. App. P. 21.6; Carranza v. State, 960 S.W.2d 76 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Appellant argues on rehearing that he not only filed a timely motion stating the nature of the complaint, but brought the motion to the trial court’s attention by sending the trial judge a letter requesting a hearing within the 75 day period after which the motion was overruled by operation of law. Appellant has attached the letter as an exhibit to his motion for rehearing, but the letter does not appear elsewhere in the appellate record. In Carranza v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals discussed the requirement that a motion for new trial be “presented” to the trial court under former rule of appellate procedure 31(a)(1). See Carranza v. State, 960 S.W.2d 76, 78 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998); Tex. R. App. P. 31(a)(1), 11 Tex. Reg.1944 (Tex. Crim. App.1986, repealed 1997) (current version at Tex. R. App. P. 21.4-.8). [W]e hold the term “present” as used in Rule 31(c)(1) means the record must show the movant for new trial sustained the burden of actually delivering the motion for new trial to the trial court or otherwise bringing the motion to the attention or actual notice of the trial court. Carranza, 960 S.W.2d at 79. Current rule 21.6 requires the defendant seeking a new trial in a criminal case to “present” the motion to the trial court within ten days of filing. Tex. R. App. P. 21.6. Appellant has attached a letter to his motion for rehearing which, Appellant claims, satisfies the “presentment” requirement of Rule 21.6. The letter is addressed to the trial judge and requests a hearing on Appellant’s motion for new trial within the requisite 75 day deadline. The letter does not contain a file mark, nor does it appear in the clerk’s record. As a general rule, an appellate court must hear and determine a case on the record as filed and it cannot consider documents attached as exhibits or appendices to briefs or motions. Mitchison v. Houston Ind. School Dist., 803 S.W.2d 769, 771 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, writ denied). We note, however, that the letter is dated March 16, 1998, 39 days after the motion for new trial was filed with the trial court. Thus, even if we were allowed to consider the correspondence as evidence of “presentment,” we would conclude that the motion was not presented to the trial court within the ten day limit required by Rule 21.6. The trial court therefore did not err in failing to set a hearing for Appellant’s motion for new trial. Appellant’s second issue for rehearing is overruled. MOTION TO ABATE Appellant has also filed a motion to abate the appeal, requesting that we suspend the application of the rules under Rule of Appellate Procedure 2(b) so that he may file an out-of-time motion for new trial based on newly discovered evidence. Rule of Appellate Procedure 2 allows an appellate court to “suspend a rule’s operation in a particular case and order a different procedure” in order to expedite a decision or for “other good cause.” Tex. R. App. P. 2. In Oldham v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals criticized the use of Rule 2(b) to extend the 30 day deadline for filing a motion for new trial. Oldham v. State, 977 S.W.2d 354, 360 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). The court opined: While in a small number of cases the litigation process may ultimately be shortened, we think that the associated delays and restarting of the appellate process upon such speculation makes this an improper use of Rule 2(b). Rule 2(b) is in essence an escape valve to be used by an appellate court when a case becomes unduly stalled or delayed in the appellate process due to procedural rules, and the interests of justice compel speeding up the process; although Rule 2(b) may be used to shorten the time limits when justice so requires, it should not be used as a method to lengthen procedural time limits absent truly extraordinary circumstances, even in an effort to protect the substantive rights of litigants. Id. (citations omitted). Furthermore, an important consideration in determining whether to allow an out-of-time motion for new trial is whether the issue sought to be resolved can serve as the basis for habeas corpus relief. Bowler v. State, 822 S.W.2d 334-35 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1992, pet. ref’d). A claim of newly discovered evidence is now fully cognizable by way of habeas corpus. See Elizondo v. State, 947 S.W.2d 202, 209 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) (overruling Ex Parte Binder, 660 S.W.2d 103 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). For the foregoing reasons, Appellant’s motion for rehearing and his motion to abate are denied. PER CURIAM Before Chief Justice Davis, Justice Vance, and Chief Justice McDonald (Retired) Opinion issued and filed April 5, 2000 Motion for rehearing denied; motion to abate denied Do not publish