David Earl Pierce v. State of Texas

IN THE TENTH COURT OF APPEALS No. 10-00-178-CR DAVID EARL PIERCE, Appellant v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee From the 54th District Court McLennan County, Texas Trial Court # 1995-476-C O P I N I O N David Earl Pierce pleaded guilty to sexual assault. In accordance with a plea agreement, the court sentenced Pierce to five years’ imprisonment, suspended imposition of sentence, and placed him on community supervision for five years. The court revoked Pierce’s community supervision four years later and imposed the original sentence. Pierce presents three issues in which he contends that the court abused its discretion in revoking his community supervision because: (1) the State failed to provide sufficient evidence that he failed to report as ordered because the community supervision order required that he report “at least once each 30 days” but his community supervision officer required him to report twice per month; (2) the court relied on unlawfully-seized evidence in finding that he had violated one of the conditions of his community supervision; and (3) his possession of pornographic materials did not suffice to establish that he had violated the condition of his community supervision which prohibited him from possessing materials which his community supervision officer had “identified as items [he] might use for the purpose of his/her deviant sexual arousal.” FAILURE TO REPORT Pierce contends in his first issue that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to show that he failed to report “as ordered” because the court required him to report only once per month and his community supervision officer had no authority to require him to do so more frequently. He avers that he reported at least once per month during the three months at issue. Pertinent Facts Pierce’s community supervision order required him to “[r]eport to the McLennan County Adult Probation Officer immediately and thereafter as he shall direct, but at least once each 30 days.” The State’s revocation motion alleges in part that Pierce violated this condition by failing to report as ordered in March 1997, May 1997, and August, 1997. At a hearing on the revocation motion, Pierce’s supervision officer Amy Hand testified that she explained the terms and conditions of his community supervision to him at the beginning and that, based on conversations she had with him on that occasion and throughout the period of supervision, she believed that he understood the terms and conditions. Because he was on the sex-offender caseload, Hand required him to report twice per month. Pierce’s MHMR case manager accompanied him for one appointment each month, and he reported by himself for the other. In March 1997, the MHMR office called Hand on the date of Pierce’s first appointment for the month to say that Pierce’s case manager was ill. Pierce did not report on that date. He reported alone for his second appointment that month. In May, Pierce failed to make his first appointment for the month on the 7th. He reported on May 20. Hand gave him a reminder slip and directed him to return for his next appointment on the 22nd. He did not appear on the 22nd and later told Hand that he had failed to do so because “he was just too tired to come that day.” In August 1997, Pierce failed to report at all. Toward the end of the month, his case manager called Hand to inform her that Pierce had had a cancerous lesion removed earlier that month and that he would be staying with his mother in Dallas for a period of time to recuperate. Hand asked the case manager to provide documentation, which was never done. The court found that Pierce failed to report as alleged. Pertinent Authorities Pierce relies on a series of 1970's Court of Criminal Appeals decisions to support his argument. These decisions seem to rely primarily on the former article 42.12, section 5, which provided that “[o]nly” the trial court had the authority to “fix or alter conditions [of probation].” See, e.g., DeLeon v. State, 466 S.W.2d 573, 574 (Tex. Crim. App. 1971) (citing Code of Criminal Procedure, 59th Leg., R.S., ch. 722, § 1, art. 42.12, § 5, 1965 Tex. Gen. Laws 317, 491); McDonald v. State, 442 S.W.2d 386, 387 (Tex. Crim. App. 1969) (same) The current statute reads in a similar fashion. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 10(a) (Vernon Supp. 2002). Although the current statute regarding the court’s sole authority to impose conditions of community supervision is essentially the same as it was twenty-five years ago, the statute establishing permissible conditions of community supervision has changed. Section 6 dictated the permissible conditions of probation in the 1970's. Section 6(d) provided that a trial court could require a defendant to “[r]eport to the probation officer as directed.” See Code of Criminal Procedure, 59th Leg., R.S., ch. 722, § 1, art. 42.12, § 6(d), 1965 Tex. Gen. Laws 317, 491 (amended 1979) (current version at Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 11(a)(4) (Vernon Supp. 2002)). The Court of Criminal Appeals construed section 6(d) together with section 5 to require that the trial court had the sole authority to “direct[ ]” when and where a probationer should report. See DeLeon, 466 S.W.2d at 574; McDonald, 442 S.W.2d at 387. The legislature amended section 6(d) in 1979 to provide that a trial court may require a defendant to “[r]eport to the probation officer as directed by the judge or probation officer.” Act of May 26, 1979, 66th Leg., R.S., ch. 605, § 4, 1979 Tex. Gen. Laws 1336, 1338 (amended 1983) (emphasis added). The current statute similarly provides that the court may require a defendant to “[r]eport to the supervision officer as directed by the judge or supervision officer.” Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 11(a)(4) (emphasis added). Notably, the Court of Criminal Appeals has not struck down a reporting requirement such as that in Pierce’s case since the 1979 amendment. The Court has approved other conditions of probation which leave some discretion to the community supervision officer or others. See DeGay v. State, 741 S.W.2d 445, 450 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) (condition requiring probationer to “obey all rules and regulations of [a restitution center]”); Salmons v. State, 571 S.W.2d 29, 30 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978) (similar condition). This Court has affirmed a revocation based on the violation of a similar reporting requirement. See Deckard v. State, 679 S.W.2d 654, 655 (Tex. App.—Waco 1984, no pet.). Article 42.12, section 11(a)(4) expressly permits the condition of community supervision at issue. This condition required Pierce to report as directed by his community supervision officer. His community supervision officer testified that Pierce had to report twice per month because he was on the sex offender caseload. Pierce reported only once in March 1997 and only once in May 1997. He failed to report at all in August 1997. Even assuming his failure to report in August is justified by his medical treatment and recuperation, the court had sufficient evidence before it to conclude that he had violated the reporting requirement. See Deckard, 679 S.W.2d at 655. A court does not abuse its discretion in revoking a community supervision if a single violation is shown. See Sanchez v. State, 603 S.W.2d 869, 871 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1980); Dunn v. State, 997 S.W.2d 885, 887 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999, pet. ref’d); Marcum v. State, 983 S.W.2d 762, 766-67 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, pet. ref’d). Therefore, the court did not abuse its discretion by revoking Pierce’s community supervision based on his failure to report. See Greer v. State, 999 S.W.2d 484, 489-90 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, pet. ref’d). Accordingly, we conclude that Pierce’s first issue is without merit, and we need not reach the remainder of his issues. We affirm the judgment. REX D. DAVIS Chief Justice Before Chief Justice Davis, Justice Vance, and Justice Gray (Justice Vance dissenting) Affirmed Opinion delivered and filed December 28, 2001 Publish [CR25] /span> If a defendant objects to character evidence on the ground that the evidence is not relevant, the proponent must show that the evidence has relevance apart from showing character. Rankin v. State, 974 S.W.2d 707, 718 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (on rehearing); Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 387. The proponent of the evidence must show that the evidence is being offered for a permissible purpose other than its character-conformity nature. The proponent may succeed in carrying this burden if it shows: [that the extraneous offense evidence] tends to establish some elemental fact, such as identity or intent; that it tends to establish some evidentiary fact, such as motive, opportunity or preparation, leading inferentially to an elemental fact; or that it rebuts a defensive theory by showing, e.g. absence of mistake or accident . . . [or] that it is relevant upon a logical inference not anticipated by the rulemakers. Santellan, 939 S.W.2d at 168-69 (quoting Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 387-88). If the trial court concludes that the evidence has no relevance to a fact of consequence to the proceeding apart from supporting an inference of character conformity, the evidence is inadmissable. Id. at 168; Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 387. Reyes’s indictment charged that he intentionally or knowingly threatened Gibson with imminent bodily injury. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 22.01(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2001). Therefore, the specific intent to threaten is an essential element of the offense which the State had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Johnson v. State, 932 S.W.2d 296, 302 (Tex. App.—Austin 1996, pet. ref’d). The admission of extraneous-offense evidence to help prove intent can be justified if the required intent for the primary offense cannot be inferred from the act itself or if the accused presents evidence to rebut the inference that the required intent existed. Id. Intent is most clearly in issue when the defendant argues that the charged offense was unintentional or the result of an accident. Id. We find that evidence of the earlier incident is relevant to show intent in the assault in question. Santellan, 939 S.W.2d at 167-69. Reyes argues that he did not intend to threaten Gibson. For support, Reyes points to Gibson’s testimony that he could have stabbed her if he wanted to and that he did not pursue her after he struck her with his fists. Reyes claims he pulled the knife on Gibson in reaction to her coming up behind him and physically confronting him. Reyes then jabbed the knife at her, she backed up, and Reyes then left the scene. However, the fact that Reyes had previously threatened Gibson with a knife tends to make it more probable that Reyes’s intent in stabbing at Gibson four days later was to threaten her. Therefore, the extraneous-offense evidence tends to establish an elemental fact, i.e., intent. Santellan, 939 S.W.2d at 168. As a result, the evidence has relevance apart from showing character-conformity. Rankin, 974 S.W.2d at 718. 2. Probative value vs. Unfair prejudice Once an extraneous offense is found relevant to prove an elemental fact independent of its tendency to show character conformity, a trial court must determine if the probative value of the evidence is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 378; Tex. R. Evid. 403. In making this determination, a court may consider the following factors: ∙ the inherent probative value of the evidence; ∙ the similarity of the conduct to the offense on trial; ∙ the strength of the evidence of the extraneous conduct; ∙ the nature of the extraneous conduct and its potential for impressing the jury in irrational, but indelible ways; ∙ the time necessary to develop the evidence, giving consideration to whether the jury’s attention will be diverted from the offense on trial; and ∙ the State’s need for the evidence including: (a) the availability of other evidence which tends to accomplish the same “other purpose”; (b) the strength of the other evidence; and (c) whether the purpose served by the admission of the extraneous conduct relates to an issue that is in dispute. Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 389-90; Horton v. State, 986 S.W.2d 297, 302-03 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999, no pet.). Evidence of the prior incident had “inherent probative value” and is similar to the evidence regarding Reyes’s assault of Gibson. Both incidents involved arguments between Reyes and Gibson which culminated in Reyes threatening Gibson with a knife. In addition, there is no question of remoteness. The fact that the two offenses were separated by only four days provides additional probative value. However, the nature of the evidence probably left an impression upon the jury that Reyes regularly threatened people with knives. Evidence of the misconduct was presented during the State’s examination of Gibson and of her son, Tyler Gibson. The State also referred to the misconduct during its opening statement and closing argument. Specifically, in closing, the State said, “This case has a lot to do with that prior incident, even though the defense tends to minimize that.” Accordingly, the jury’s attention was diverted from the offense on trial. Availability of alternative sources of proof is another factor. The material issue here was intent. Proof of a culpable mental state generally relies upon circumstantial evidence. Id. When examining this factor, courts will consider whether the State's evidence is circumstantial or direct. Id. Here, the State’s evidence of intent came from the victim and an eyewitness. Reyes controverted and undermined the State’s proof by claiming that his actions were in response to Gibson’s coming up behind him and physically confronting him. Because of the circumstantial nature of the proof of the mental state and in light of this record, it does not appear that the State had other convincing evidence to establish intent. Based on the Montgomery factors cited above, we cannot say with certainty that the probative value of the prior incident was substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect. We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling Reyes’s objection to the extraneous-offense evidence. Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 391; Johnson, 932 S.W.2d at 304. Absent an abuse of discretion, we will not disturb a trial judge's ruling on the admissibility of evidence. Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 391. CONCLUSIONHaving overruled Reyes’s two issues, we affirm the judgment. BILL VANCE Justice Before Chief Justice Davis, Justice Vance, and Justice Gray Judgment affirmed Opinion delivered and filed April 25, 2001 Do not publish