Rosenthal, Stanley v. State

NUMBERS 13-99-539-CR 13-99-540-CR 13-99-541-CR 13-99-542-CR 13-99-543-CR 13-99-544-CR 13-99-545-CR COURT OF APPEALS THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS CORPUS CHRISTI ___________________________________________________________________ STANLEY ROSENTHAL, Appellant, v. STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee. ___________________________________________________________________ On appeal from the County Court at Law of Matagorda County, Texas. ___________________________________________________________________ O P I N I O N Before Justices Hinojosa, Chavez, and Rodriguez Opinion by Justice Chavez This case was first tried in Bay City Municipal Court, then by de novo appeal at the County Court at Law of Matagorda County. Appellant Stanley Rosenthal was convicted in the county court at law of seven counts of violating a Bay City municipal ordinance that prohibited allowing animals, in this case horses, to run at large within the city limits. On appeal before this Court, he contends that the evidence was legally insufficient to show that he intentionally allowed his horses to run free, and that the municipal court lacked jurisdiction because the place where appellant's horses escaped is not within the city limits. Because the city ordinance does not require that the act be "intentional," or that the animals running at large within the city limits also escaped within the city limits, we affirm. In a legal sufficiency review, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); Williams v. State, 937 S.W.2d 479, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). Regardless of the language of the jury charge, sufficiency of the evidence is measured by the elements of the offense as defined by a correct hypothetical jury charge for the offense. Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). The city ordinance at issue in this case provided: It shall be unlawful for any owner or harborer of a . . . horse . . . to allow the same to run at large on the streets, sidewalks, alleys, parks, or other public places or upon another person's business or private property. Bay City, Tex., Code § 14-8 (2000).(1) Appellant argues that there is insufficient evidence that he "intentionally" allowed his horses to run at large. However, the statute does not require intent. Civil liability against the owner of an animal running at large requires proof of either the owner's knowledge of animals running at large or negligence in the form of inadequate fences or gates. Schrader v. Garcia, 516 S.W.2d 690, 692 (Tex. Civ. App.--Corpus Christi 1974, writ ref'd n.r.e.). However, appellant cites no authority indicating that we should impose a "knowing" or "negligent" mens rea onto the ordinance at issue. He does argue, without citing authority, that "Courts of Appeals have stated, 'Under statutes punishing one who knowingly or willfully permits stock to run at large, ect., (sic) a necessary element of the offense is an intention to do the act prohibited . . . .[']" However, the ordinance at issue in this case is not limited to "knowingly or willfully" allowing animals to run at large. Therefore, whether the evidence showed that appellant acted with intent is irrelevant. Appellant's first point of error is overruled. Second, appellant argues that the municipal court of Bay City lacked jurisdiction because the State "failed to establish that appellant's property, where the incident occurred, was located in Bay City." A municipal court has jurisdiction over all criminal cases arising under the city ordinances within the city limits. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 4.14 (Vernon Supp. 2000). An animal control officer unequivocally stated that he observed appellant's horses inside the city limits. Appellant apparently takes the position that the place where "the incident occurred" is the place where his horses escaped from his fence. The ordinance, however, focuses on the animals' presence inside the city limits, regardless of where the animals initially escaped. Although there does not appear to be any authority dealing directly with the jurisdiction of municipal courts for offenses that take place in part outside the municipal jurisdiction, we note that the State of Texas does have jurisdiction over offenses committed in part outside of Texas, so long as a result of the offense that is an element of the offense occurs inside this state. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 1.04(a)(1) (Vernon 1994). In this case, the violative act of "allowing" the horses to run at large inside the city limits was an ongoing act that was not confined to the moment the horses escaped, but continued while the horses were loose inside the city limits. The "result" of the offense, that appellant's horses were loose within the city limits, was an element of the offense. Appellant's second point is also overruled. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. MELCHOR CHAVEZ Justice Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.3. Opinion delivered and filed this the 8th day of June, 2000. 1. The Bay City Code was renumbered in 2000. The cited provision is identical to section 4-8 of the 1985 Code, which was in effect at the time of the offense and trial.