Carl Lampkin v. State

NUMBER 13-00-505-CR COURT OF APPEALS THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS CORPUS CHRISTI ___________________________________________________________________ CARL LAMPKIN , Appellant, v. THE STATE OF TEXAS , Appellee. ___________________________________________________________________ On appeal from the 130th District Court of Matagorda County, Texas. __________________________________________________________________ MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Dorsey, Hinojosa, and Rodriguez Opinion by Justice Rodriguez Appellant, Carl Lampkin, is appealing from a jury trial that resulted in his conviction for delivery of a controlled substance. The trial court assessed punishment at two years confinement and a $5,000.00 fine. By two points of error, appellant complains that the trial court erred in admitting evidence of chemical test results and identification testimony. Appellant also contends, by a separate point, that the trial court erred in denying his request for the jury to assess punishment. We affirm in part, and reverse and remand in part. As this is a memorandum opinion not designated for publication, and the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1. By appellant's first point, he asserts the trial court erred in allowing the admission of the alleged contraband and testimony identifying the substance as cocaine because the State presented no evidence regarding the reliability of the testing procedure utilized by the chemist to form his opinion. We construe appellant's complaint as a Daubert Robinson challenge. See Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm., 509 U.S. 579, 589-92, (1993) (scientific expert testimony must be relevant and reliable to be to be admitted under rule 702); E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. v. Robinson, 923 S.W.2d 549, 557 (Tex. 1995) (same). An appellate court should not disturb the trial court's decision regarding the admission of scientific evidence absent an abuse of discretion. See Hinojosa v. State, 4 S.W.3d 240, 251 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has held that rule of evidence 702 requires satisfaction of the following three-part reliability test for the admission of scientific evidence: (1) the underlying scientific theory must be valid; (2) the technique applying the theory must be valid; and (3) the technique must have been properly applied on the occasion in question. See Kelly v. State, 824 S.W.2d 568, 573 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992); Emerson v. State, 880 S.W.2d 759, 763-64 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994). At trial, the State's expert witness, Minh Nguyen, identified the substance at issue as cocaine. Nguyen testified as to his qualifications as a chemist at the Department of Public Safety crime lab in Houston. He also generally testified that he routinely performed "several color tests, instrumental tests, and compared the results to the standard." Nguyen did not, however, identify the specific tests he performed in this case. His testimony was only that he performed a scientific analysis on the substance. Based on the record before this Court, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion and erred in admitting the identification testimony of this State's expert witness. However, an error in the admission of evidence is cured when the same evidence comes in elsewhere without objection. See Butler v. State, 769 S.W.2d 234, 241 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989), overruled on other grounds, Geesa v. State, 820 S.W.2d 154 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991); Posey v. State, 840 S.W.2d 34, 37 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1992, pet. ref'd). A defendant must object every time objectionable evidence is offered or error is waived. Johnson v. State, 803 S.W.2d 272, 291 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990), overruled on other grounds, Heitman v. State, 815 S.W.2d 681 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). Earlier in the trial, Officer Robbie Galvan testified that he performed a field test on the substance in question and identified it as cocaine. Appellant did not object to this testimony. Any error in admitting the testimony of Nguyen was cured by appellant's failure to object to the same identification testimony being admitted at another time during the trial. See Butler, 769 S.W.2d at 241. Accordingly, we overrule appellant's first point of error. By his second point of error, appellant contends there was a substantial likelihood of misidentification as a result of the procedure used to identify appellant. He complains that the in-court identification testimony provided by two undercover narcotics officers was based on a seriously flawed procedure used to identify the three suspects on the night in question. However, "to preserve error on appeal, a party must obtain a ruling from the trial court or object to the trial court's refusal to rule." Martinez v. State, 17 S.W.3d 677, 686 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (citing Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(2)(A) & (B)). Appellant did not object to the testimony about which he now complains. The trial court never ruled on the admissibility of the identification testimony. Error, if any, with respect to this testimony has not been preserved for review. Appellant's second point of error is overruled. By point of error three, appellant complains that the trial court erred in denying him the right to have a jury assess punishment. Relevant to this case, article 37.07(2)(b)(2) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides that, if a finding of guilty is returned, the judge shall assess punishment, unless the defendant elects in writing before the commencement of the voir dire examination of the jury panel to have punishment assessed by the jury. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 37.07(2)(b)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2001). On July 9, 2000, appellant filed his election asking that "punishment, if any, in this cause be assessed by the jury." Appellant announced ready for trial subject to his pretrial motions. (1) The voir dire examination of the jury panel began July 31, 2000. Thus, pursuant to article 37.03(2)(b)(2), his election was timely filed. The State contends appellant waived his election. This argument is based on a July 6, 2000, docket entry that notes "[m]otions waived." However, appellant did not file his election until July 9, 2000, after the noted waiver. We find no other waiver in the record; thus, we cannot conclude appellant waived his election. The State also contends that because the trial court set a pretrial hearing for May 3, 2000, and appellant did not file his election until July 9, 2000, his election was untimely because he did not comply with the time limits set forth in article 28.01 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. This article requires pleadings, including his jury election, to be filed before the pretrial hearing. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 28.01, §1(2) (Vernon 1989); see also Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 27.02(7) (Vernon 1989). However, a pretrial hearing must be held for article 28.01 to apply. See Postell v. State, 693 S.W.2d 462, 464 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). In this case, although the pretrial hearing was set and proceedings in the case were reset on at least three occasions, we find no entry in the record indicating that a hearing on pretrial motions was held before appellant made his election. See id. Therefore, we cannot conclude a pretrial hearing was held. We give effect to article 37.07 and conclude the election was timely filed before voir dire. The trial court erred in denying appellant's election. Appellant's third point of error is sustained. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court as to appellant's conviction, and reverse and remand for a new trial on punishment. NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ Justice Do not publish . Tex. R. App. P. 47.3. Opinion delivered and filed this 3rd day of January, 2002. 1. Appellant appears to have used the word "motion" to include his election of a jury to assess punishment if he is found guilty. We note, however, that the code of criminal procedure identifies such an election more correctly as a pleading. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 28.01, §1(2) (Vernon 1989); see also Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 27.02(7) (Vernon 1989).