Robert Ferdinand Goehring v. State

NUMBER 13-03-768-CR COURT OF APPEALS THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG ___________________________________________________________________ ROBERT FERDINAND GOEHRING, Appellant, v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee. ___________________________________________________________________ On appeal from the 24th District Court of Goliad County, Texas. __________________________________________________________________ MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Yañez, Rodriguez, and Garza Memorandum Opinion by Justice Rodriguez After a bench trial, appellant, Robert Ferdinand Goehring, was convicted of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon 2003). The trial court assessed punishment at two years imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Institutional Division, probated for five years, and a $1,000.00 fine. The trial court has certified that this case “is not a plea-bargain case, and the defendant has the right of appeal.” See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). By two points of error, appellant contends: (1) the evidence presented was legally insufficient to support his conviction; and (2) appellant’s actions were legally justified. We affirm. I. FACTSAs this is a memorandum opinion and the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court’s decision and the basic reasons for it. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4. II. SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE By his first point of error, appellant contends the evidence is legally insufficient to sustain his conviction for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. Specifically, appellant argues that it could not be shown beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant used or exhibited a deadly weapon. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon 2003). A. Standard of Review In a legal sufficiency review, this Court must examine the evidence presented in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense present beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Young v. State, 14 S.W.3d 748, 753 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). In making this determination, the reviewing court considers all the evidence admitted that will sustain the conviction, including improperly admitted evidence. Conner v. State, 67 S.W.3d 192, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). Questions concerning the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony are to be resolved by the trier of fact. Mosley v. State, 983 S.W.2d 249, 254 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Evidence is not rendered insufficient when conflicting evidence is introduced. Matchett v. State, 941 S.W.2d 922, 936 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). The reviewing court must assume that the fact finder resolved conflicts, including conflicting inferences, in favor of the verdict, and must defer to that resolution. Id. B. Analysis A review of the record reveals conflicting testimony from Jacobo Tafolla and appellant regarding their encounter. Tafolla testified that appellant pointed the barrel of the rifle at Tafolla’s torso and told him that “he used to be a hit man for the C.I.A. [and] that he doesn’t take any prisoners.” Appellant, however, denied pointing a rifle at Tafolla or threatening him. As the trier of fact, the trial court determines the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. See Mosley, 983 S.W.2d at 254. Based on Tafolla’s testimony and other discrepancies in appellant’s testimony, and reviewing the evidence presented in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; see also TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon 2003); De Anda v. State, 769 S.W.2d 522, 524 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989) (holding rifle is deadly weapon per se). Therefore, appellant’s first point of error is overruled.III. JUSTIFICATION DEFENSE By his second point of error, appellant contends his actions were legally justified under sections 9.41 and 9.42 of the Texas Penal Code. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. §§ 9.41, 9.42(a)(2) (Vernon 2003). To raise a legal justification defense, a defendant must admit to the conduct in the statute under which he is charged. See Reich-Bacot v. State, 976 S.W.2d 678, 679 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998); Withers v. State, 994 S.W.2d 742, 745 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 1999, pet. ref’d). However, in this case, appellant denied pointing his rifle at Tafolla or threatening him. Because appellant did not admit to the conduct underlying the offense, he cannot raise a justification defense. See Reich-Bacot, 976 S.W.2d at 679; Withers v. State, 994 S.W.2d at 745. Appellant’s second point of error is overruled. IV. CONCLUSION Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ Justice Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b). Memorandum Opinion delivered and filed this 19th day of August, 2004.