El Dorado Laundry Co. v. Ford

Hart, C. J., (after stating the facts). The proof shows that this is not a cáse where the defendant was hired upon the express condition that he would agree, for a limited length of time, not to solicit trade from such customers of the plaintiff as he might have served while in its employ. This is conceded by counsel for the plaintiff,, hut they insist that the facts bring the case within the settled rule that, where the employment of a servant is of a confidential nature, there is an implied contract on the part of the servant not to use, to the detriment of his master, any, trade secret which he might have learned in the course of his employment. See case-note to 17 Ann. Cas. 144. • 1 We do not think the facts bring the case within this well-settled rule or within the principles announced in New Method Laundry Co. v. MacCann, 174 Cal. 26, 161 Pac. 990, Ann. Cas. 1918C, page 1022; to the .effect that, a list of customers along a laundry-route constitutes a trade secret which is the absolute property of the laundry and is the subject of injunctive relief on the ground of irreparable injury. It is true that the record shows that the defendant had access to the printed list of the customers of the plaintiff, but the defendant testified that he became familiar with the names of the customers along the route while serving them during the five months he worked for the plaintiff. His testimony on this point is uncontradicted, and is reasonable. Any person of ordinary intelligence would become familiar with the customers whom he might serve along a laundry route during a period of five months. It is not claimed that the defendant did not have a right to quit the employment of the plaintiff and enter that of the Crow Laundry. Freedom of employment must not be unreasonably abridged, and a contract in restraint of employment, without some reasonable limitation, is like a similar contract in restraint of trade, contrary to public-policy, and unenforceable. The facts of this case bring it within the rule laid down in Fulton-Grand Laundry Co. v. Johnson, 140 Md. 359, 117 Atl. 753, 23 A. L. R. 420. It was there held that the names of the patrons of a laundry on a particular route did not constitute a trade secret which will he protected by injunction so as to prevent a driver employed on such route from utilizing it and soliciting the patronage of such persons when he leaves the service of his employer and enters business for himself. In a note at the end of the case it is said that, in the majority of the cases which have passed on the question, it is held that, in the absencé of an express contract, on taking a new employment in a competing business an employee may solicit for his new employer the business of his former customers, and will not be enjoined from so doing at the instance of his former employer. We think that, under the principle announced in these cases and under the facts in the present case, the chancellor properly held that the plaintiff was not entitled to the injunctive relief asked, and that his decree dismissing the complaint of the plaintiff for want of equity should be affirmed. It is so ordered.