Velvin v. Kent

Baker, J. On May 5, 1938, the County Court of Hempstead county called an election to be held June 11, 1938, to have the electors of that county 'vote upon and determine the matter of the removal of the courthouse from Washington to Hope. The election was held according to call made with the result, as' certified by the election commissioners, Hope received 2,040 constituting an alleged majority of 455 votes. There was a contest in the county court followed by an appeal to the circuit court. The contestees won in both courts. This appeal from the judgment of the circuit court challenges the correctness of the trial court’s decision. It becomes necessary, in explanation of some of the matters considered, to say the appellees have sought a dismissal of this appeal for the reason the appellants have failed to comply with Rule IX in regard to abstracting the entire record made upon the trial of the case. We have overruled that motion solely upon the ground that some matters of apparent merit appear from the abstract made, when taken in connection with the findings of fact by the court and declarations of law thereon. Appellants have abstracted the evidence of thirteen witnesses, omitting all testimony of 247 other witnesses, so it must be held that no disputed question of fact may here be considered. Every inference and presumption to support findings in favor of appellees will be indulged. But appellants urge that the court’s declarations of law are erroneous and that the judgment must be reversed for these alleged errors. Such a conclusion does not necessarily follow. The court may have erred in some aspects of the case and yet the final results be correct. Appellants open their argument with an admission that according to the certificate of the collector there were 3,169 poll tax payers in the county for 1937. This was the last certificate issued prior to dates of calling and holding the election. It is also admitted that, according to the election returns as certified, there were 2,040 votes for removal which was a majority of 455. Appellants insist they have overturned this majority. Their method of attack they state as follows: “This appeal primarily involves the construction of § 2 of act 123 of the Acts of the General Assembly of Arkansas for the year 1935 and carried in Pope’s Digest as § 4693, for it will be conceded by the appellees that if this court should hold that votes cast by persons who did not assess and pay their poll tax in person or upon the written authority of their agent, were illegal and should be thrown out then the election failed and the cause should be reversed. ” If appellants have mistaken the right or correct test in the determination of the proper majorities, it is practically conclusive that áppellees must prevail. Other alleged errors urged by appellants tend to reduce the majority if sustained, but without the support of the above stated attack the appellants must fail. For that reason we now examine the only conclusive proposition presented. The Constitution of 1874 provides that county seats may be changed by a majority of the qualified voters of the county . . . Art. XIII, § 3. The applicable statutes are found under Chapter 39, Pope’s Digest, §§ -2388 to 2400, inclusive. It will be noted that in the several sections in regard to petitions and elections those who may participate therein are designated as “qualified voters.” We find in § 2398 who are “qualified voters.” They are “persons who have paid their poll tax, as shown by the list of persons who have paid their poll tax as filed with the county clerk by the collector on the first Monday preceding the holding of any election or the removal or change of any county seat under this act.” There was a provision in this amending act of March 7, 1901, exempting certain counties mentioned. Those counties are still under the original act as it was prior to amendment. It is significant, we think, that “qualified voters” under the original act of March 2, 1875, were those listed by the assessor as “those liable to pay poll tax” and so returned by him. In those counties still under the original act as it was prior to the amendment, we find outstanding authority fixing definitely the status of the “qualified voter.” Vance v. Austell, 45 Ark. 400. The opinion in this cited case was delivered in 1885, prior to the passage of the amending act of March 7, 1901, now § 2398, Pope’s Digest. It is a landmark in Arkansas jurisprudence. In it the act under consideration is boldly criticised as a misconception of the legal meanings of constitutional provisions, yet its constitutionality is upheld, and we think correctly so. Since this case has never been overruled or modified it is yet the law of this state. We quote pertinent declarations from this opinion. . . . “it erects an arbitrary standard for determining the result of the election,” . . . Again we find this language: “The result is that, under our Constitution and laws, before the removal can be had, there'must be a majority in favor of the proposition to remove the county seat to a particular point, and the vote cast in favor of the proposition must exceed one-half the polls returned by the assessor. The last requirement is not an unreasonable regulation.” In the matter of this appeal the “last requirement” above discussed is the only one at issue. We are told less than 200 voted against removal. So appellees must count their “qualified voters” against the total number of such “qualified voters” to determine if they have exceeded one-half thereof. In Vance v. Austell, supra, it is stated that the assessment list had been delivered to the clerk’s office on the first Monday in June, as required by § 5672, Mansfield’s Digest. The court said in respect thereto: “And being so returned, it was a finality for all purposes connected with a county seat election. Ib. 1156. It matters not that there were other persons in the county liable to assessment for per capita tax and whose names were afterward added by the assessor; nor that some of the persons included in the list were not in fact legal voters.” And it is also held that the criterion fixed by law would be destroyed if courts were allowed to inquire into the completeness of the list, or to enter upon an investigation into the qualifications of those who did not offer to vote. It was also held that the trial court erred in holding that the assessor’s books were not conclusive for the purposes of the election, but open to contradition and correction by extraneous proof. The court then struck from the assessor’s list names added by him after the first Monday in June. For more than 50 years the doctrine announced in Vance v. Austell, supra, has not been changed or modified. The statutes as construed have been deemed sufficient for the purposes designated. Experience teaches us that inadequacy will compel changes in an effort to make correction. The application of this cited case to the problem here will be clear if we substitute poll taxpayers for the assessor’s list, the poll taxpayers to be determined by the collector’s list filed with the county clerk, Pope’s Dig., § 2398. We quote from that section: “To ascertain the number of qualified voters of any county for the purposes of this act, etc.” We have purposely ceased to quote at this point to direct attention to the expression, “for the purposes of this act,” lest it be argued that this provision furnishes only a measure for the determination of a lawful majority. It does that by express words, so it must be held that, “for the purposes of this act” means something more. It has been argued that § 2 of act 123 of 1935 furnished a proper test to determine who are electors. That is not a disputed question. In this case we have a certified list of electors made by the collector and filed with the county clerk in 1937. They were qualified electors, made so by statutes applicable. Chapter 39, Pope’s Digest. Act 123 of 1935 was in. force at the time and we think under statutes aforesaid and doctrine announced in Vance v. Austell, which we fully approve, there is a conclusive presumption effective to foreclose inquiry as to qualifications of these particular voters so listed. Act 123 of 1935 was amended by act 46, 1939, but the amendment or change does not affect any issue on appeal. This could not apply to. those who may have moved away, so as to create a disqualification, nor can it apply to those who have moved into the county since the list was made. The changing or removal of a courthouse may be said to be a, special proceeding, regarded as such by both the legislative and judicial departments. The legislature has made the collector’s poll tax list a criterion in county seat removals. This court gave full approval. Williamson v. Russey, 73 Ark. 270, 84 S. W. 229; Neal v. Shinn, 49 Ark. 227, 4 S. W. 771; Dunn v. Lott, 67 Ark. 591, 58 S. W. 375; Saunders v. Erwin, 49 Ark. 376, 5 S. W. 703. So it appears the trial court erred in permitting this certified list to be challenged generally. Upon entering’ upon this method of procedure this anomalous situation presented itself quite naturally. Appellants insisted several hundred were disqualified under the proof offered; that is, they were not in fact qualified voters. The court so held as to large numbers. All this was done over objections of appellees who then argued that if the court might properly enter upon such inquiries the logical consequences must result in the removal from the filed list the disqualified voters as adjudged by the court, including many alleged to have been improperly assessed and paid upon by some of the appellants, in- not complying with act 123 of 1935. The court overruled this contention. Under the court’s rulings, even if all those found to be disqualified were deemed to have voted for a removal and that number there deducted from the certified majority, appellants failed upon the count. Although it might be found the court made some erroneous announcements, these were immaterial and the ruling we have announced will increase appellees’ majority over that determined by the court. Besides, we have decided § 2 of act 123 against appellants’ contention that it is the sole criterion. Both the certified list, and said act must be given effect. This holding is admitted!}' conclusive. The only other contention appellants make is that the court, having constructive possession of all ballots, should have gone into them for examination. This was justified because of the charges of fraud and improper conduct of electors and officers of the election. These charges were serious and grave, but they did not prove themselves. Forceful and emphatic denunciation at this time does not supply proof wholly lacking upon the trial. Without stating and discussing, other matters presented, we must content ourselves with an assurance to all parties interested that we have given due consideration to all propositions argued upon this appeal, not even overlooking the oratorical plea for reverence for the honored dead and their homes as shrines for those who are whole-hearted admirers of that brilliant past. Those who lived in those days beat out the pathway for our feet. We humbly follow them. We, therefore, hold that upon the whole ease the judgment was correct. Affirmed. Mehaffy, J., not participating, Griffin Smith, C.J., Smith, J., concur in judgment.