Holt, Trustee v. Cassinelli, Admx.

Gtreenhaw, J. The question to be determined is whether the probate court erred in allowing the administratrix, in her final account and settlement, credit for various expense items incident to the burial of the deceased, which were paid by the administratrix without authentication by creditors. It is insisted such is required by §§ 101 and 102 of Pope’s Digest. Robert L. Cassinelli died intestate in September, 1938. His mother, Elizabeth A. Cassinelli, was his sole heir at law. His sister, Amelia Cassinelli, qualified as administratrix of his estate in November, 1938. Deceased was solvent and left an estate amounting to $2,737.49, which came into the hands of the administratrix. Appellee asked credit for $1,941.01 which she disbursed as such administratrix. Included in this amount was a total of $1,636.13 which she had paid out of said estate on ten separate items in connection with her brother’s funeral. Appellant, as trustee in bankruptcy of the estate of Elizabeth A. Cassinelli, filed exceptions to the final account of appellee, objecting to her receiving credit for the ten items of funeral expense, and asking that her account' be surcharged therewith for the reasons above stated. The balance of the $1,941.01 for which she asked credit is not questioned. A stipulation was entered into by attorneys for appellant and appellee, pertinent recitals of which are: “6. That all items paid out by the administratrix, Amelia Cassinelli, from the assets of Robert L. Cassinelli’s estate have been properly disposed of by court order except items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, set out in the objections, which were funeral expenses paid in good faith out of the assets of the estate and evidenced by receipt from persons to whom payment was made or by canceled check. “7. Testimony is to be taken orally before the court as to item 5 and the objection thereto. “9. That said Robert L. Oassinelli was of the Catholic faith and each and every item which was expended for his funeral was in accord with the practices of that faith and under the circumstances. “10. That before incurring the expenses and paying the debts item by item, as above set out, Amelia Cassinelli had conferred with the then probate judge and was advised by him, orally, to make such expenditures. “11. That the final report of Amelia Oassinelli was filed and sworn to, and filed with the receipts showing the payments. “12. That all of the claims numbered 1 to 10, to the payment of which exceptions have been made, were paid in full, with money of the estate, by Amelia Oassinelli, administratrix, and that said claims were not exhibited and sworn to and notice was not given.” The evidence upon item 5 in the exceptions showed that this $500 item was for a one-fifth interest in a burial plot and appurtenances of the Oassinelli family in Calvary Cemetery, which is large enough for five graves, the major item being a “master” monument. The proof showed that the present value of the lot and improvements is about $2,500, and that perpetual care thereof had been paid for. The court allowed appellee only $250 therefor in her final account, gave appellant judgment ■against her as administratrix for $250 and costs of this action, and overruled appellant’s exceptions to the other items set-out in the exceptions, from which is this appeal'. Appellant contends that notwithstanding the challenged items were for funeral expenses, the filing of duly authenticated claims was a prerequisite to payment, and that since this was not done appellee should be re7 quired to refund to the estate the amount thereof. He cites and relies upon §§ 100, 101 and 102 and other sections of Pope’s Digest, and also the case of Watkins v. Acker, which came to this court three times and is reported in the 193 Ark. 192,100 S. W. 2d 78; 195 Ark. 203, 111 S. W. 2d 458 and 199 Ark. 573, 134 S. W. 2d 523, and the case of Burns v. Wegma/n, 200 Ark. 225, 138 S. W. 2d 389. Neither of these cases is applicable to the facts here. In the Watkins case, 195 Ark. 203, 111 S. W. 2d 458, the disbursements made by the administrator for which duly authenticated claims were not filed were in payment of debts the deceased owed at the time of his death, as shown by the following finding of fact by the lower court: “Each and all of which said claims thus paid by the executor the court finds to have been owing by S. M. Acker at the time of his death, and remaining unpaid on the date of the payment thereof by said executor, the payment of which could have been enforced against said estate if same had been properly probated as required by law. ’ ’ Neither is the Burns case in point. The question for determination there was priority of creditors. The widow, who paid her husband’s funeral expenses within six months after his death, waited until more than six months after the appointment and qualification of the administrator to claim reimbursement, and her right to priority was challenged by other creditors. The question of an administrator’s right to pay funeral expenses which he incurred was not involved, nor 'was the question of payment of funeral expenses without requiring the filing of duly authenticated statements. In the case at bar there is no controversy between creditors on priority of claims, the estate of Robert L. Cassinelli having been fully solvent and all claims and funeral expenses having been paid. Appellant had no claim against the deceased, but seeks to recover for creditors of the mother. We have concluded that the lower court did not err in overruling appellant’s exceptions to items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, nor in disallowing credit of $250 only on item 5, being the $500 item for a cemetery lot. Appellee contends that funeral expenses are generally treated as expenses incident to administration, and not such demands against an estate as were contemplated in § 100 of Pope’s Digest. In Woerner on Administration, vol. 2, p. 759, § 357, on the subject of “The payment of liabilities arising after the death of the deceased,” appears the following statement: “In America, funeral expenses are sometimes classified with the debts of the deceased and while they invariably take the first rank as debts, yet when so considered and treated they are necessarily postponed to expenses of administration. It is clear that if the executor voluntarily pays them, he must be allowed credit for the disbursement as exp'ense incidental to the administration, because the funeral 'is a work of necessity as well as of charity and piety. Hence, it is the duty of the executor to bury the deceased in a manner suitable to the estate he leaves behind. Where this duty is performed by another, not officiously but under the necessity of the case, the law implies a promise to reimburse him for reasonable expenses paid. In this view, the propriety of distinguishing between funeral expenses as an incident of the administration, for which the executor or administrator who paid them is to be reimbursed in preference to any creditor of the deceased and such expenses as constituting a demand against the estate, provable against the executor, becomes apparent.” In Rainwater v. Harris, 51 Ark. 401, 11 S. W. 583, 3 L. R. A. 845, this court said on pag’e 408: “Under our statute, executors and administrators stand upon the same footing, and their powers before probate are limited to the decent burial of the deceased, the preservation of his estate, and the payment of necessary funeral expenses.” Mr. Justice Hart, in the case of Galloway v. Sewell, 162 Ark. 627, 258 S. W. 655, classed expenses for tombstone with funeral expenses, and apparently treated funeral expenses which the executor had incurred and paid as expenses of administration. In that case it was said: “A reading of the cases cited shows that it is quite generally held in the case of solvent estates that the necessary cost of a reasonable tombstone placed at the grave of a deceased person is properly classed as funeral expenses, or expenses of administration, which may be allowed to an executor or administrator in settlement of his account. ’ ’ In the case at bar it is conceded that the challenged items were funeral expenses incurred and paid for a solvent estate, not by a mere volunteer who acted officiously and without interest in the estate, but by the sister of the deceased, the administratrix of his estate. It is also conceded that she acted in good faith, after conferring with the then .probate judge, and that her final account, to which the receipted bills or canceled checks were attached, was properly verified. Affirmed.