People v. Brazil

*327 JENNINGS, J. Appellant was convicted of the crime of failing, without lawful excuse, to furnish necessary support for his minor child and was sentenced to be punished therefor by imprisonment in the county jail for a term of two years and to pay a fine of $1,000. He appeals from the judgment. During the course of the trial it was admitted by the appellant that he had not, during the time stated in the information, furnished support for the child of whom he was alleged to be the father. The sole question at issue therefore was whether the appellant was the father of the child. In support of his appeal appellant makes two contentions: First, that the evidence presented during the trial of the action was insufficient to justify the verdict of conviction and, second, that the trial court erred in allowing certain evidence, alleged to be highly prejudicial to the appellant, to be introduced. As to the first of these contentions it is apparent that the evidence which was presented on behalf of the appellant was in some important respects in direct conflict with that which was introduced by the respondent. It was, of course, entirely within the province of the jury to determine whether the testimony introduced by the respondent should be accepted or whether the testimony presented by the appellant should be believed. The jury having chosen to accept respondent’s testimony which is sufficient to support the verdict, appellant’s contention in this regard may not be maintained (People v. Russell, 73 Cal. App. 492 [238 Pac. 1051]). It is, however, strenuously contended by the appellant that the trial court erred in permitting the respondent to introduce evidence of acts of sexual intercourse between appellant and the complaining witness prior to the time when conception may have taken place. It is said that the only effect of testimony of this character was to degrade the appellant in the eyes of the jury and that the reception of such testimony was therefore highly prejudicial to the appellant. With this contention we are compelled to disagree. In bastardy proceedings it is quite generally held that acts of intercourse and undue familiarity before the alleged act resulting in conception are admissible as bearing on the probability of the intercourse alleged to have taken place between the parties (7 Cor. Jur. 992; State v. Ham *328 mond, 46 Utah, 249 [148 Pac. 420]; Wise v. State, 19 Ala. App. 245 [96 South. 724]; People v. Dupounce, 133 Mich. 1, 103 Am. St. Rep. 435, 2 Ann. Cas. 246, 94 N. W. 388). In Estate of Gird, 157 Cal. 534 [137 Am. St. Rep. 131, 108 Pac. 499], it was held that evidence was admissible to show that a witness discovered an act of sexual intercourse between the mother and alleged father of the children, whether it took place before or after the birth of a daughter, as tending to show the extent of the intimacy between them and to corroborate the testimony of the mother as to the paternity of the children and the nature of the relations existing between the mother and the alleged father. In its decision the Supreme Court refers to the case of People v. Jamieson, 124 Mich. 164 [82 N. W. 835], a bastardy ease, where it was held that acts of intercourse and undue familiarity, both before and after the alleged act resulting in conception, are admissible as bearing upon the probability of the intercourse at the time stated in the complaint. The court also refers to 5 Cyc. 662, wherein it is stated that evidence of the intimate relations existing between the mother and alleged father is admissible and that evidence of previous or subsequent intercourse is competent to show the probability of the particular act having occurred. In People v. Koller, 142 Cal. 621 [76 Pac. 500, 502], it was held that in a prosecution for the crime of incest, evidence of incestuous acts that occurred both prior and subsequent to the particular act selected as the basis of prosecution, were admissible for the purpose of showing a disposition on the part of the defendant to commit such offenses and as corroborative of the testimony introduced to prove the specific act charged. In its decision the Supreme Court quotes from the case of People v. Castro, 133 Cal. 12 [65 Pac. 13], as follows: “ ‘The doctrine appears to be fairly well settled, that in actions of adultery, seduction, etc., evidence of sexual intercourse between the parties, both before and after the particular act charged, may be introduced in evidence, as tending to sustain the main allegation. ’ ’ ’ And thereupon makes the following pertinent comment: “We think this is a correct statement of the prevailing rule, and in principle applies, not only in prosecutions for adultery, but in prosecutions for all cognate offenses involving sexual intercourse by consent, including incest.” *329 We are of the opinion that no error was committed by the trial court in permitting the reception of the evidence complained of by appellant. The judgment is affirmed. Barnard, P. J., and Marks, J., concurred.