Bank of Haywards v. Kenyon

KERRIGAN, J. This is an appeal by Walter H. Kenyon, one of the defendants, from an order of court striking out his separate answer and ordering default and judgment in favor *636 of plaintiff and against said defendant; from the judgment entered and from an order denying said defendant’s motion to vacate the order and set aside the judgment. The facts of the ease may be stated in a few words: Upon motion of the plaintiff the trial court struck from the files the answer of the appellant Walter H. Kenyon, and ordered judgment by default to be entered, for the reason that said answer had not been filed within the time allowed by the court upon overruling the demurrer of said Kenyon -to the complaint, although it had been served in time and was but one day late in being filed. Appellant moved the court to set aside its order and judgment, striking his answer from the files and ordering judgment by default to be entered against him, upon various grounds, in which, however, was no claim that the delay in the filing of the answer was the result of inadvertence, mistake, or excusable neglect. This motion was denied by the court. We cannot agree with the contention of plaintiff that the answer of said defendant having been filed late and without permission of the court, the- court was bound, upon motion, to strike the same from the files. An answer filed late is an irregularity and not an absolute nullity, and the plaintiff was not, as a matter of strict right, entitled to have it stricken from the files. Discretion to do this is lodged in the trial court (Bowers v. Dickerson, 18 Cal. 420; Lunnun v. Morris, 7 Cal. App. 710, [95 Pac. 907]); but, of course, it is- a judicial discretion, to be exercised in view of all the facts in the case and in the promotion of justice. It has even been held, as in the case of Drake v. Duvenick, 45 Cal. 455, 463, that the purpose of entering a default is to limit the time during which a defendant may file his answer—which necessarily implies that the defendant’s time to answer is extended until the plaintiff causes default to be entered. And that the defendant’s time to answer is thus extended was expressly held in the case of Reher v. Reed, 166 Cal. 525, [Ann. Cas. 1915C, 737, 137 Pac. 263], where Mr. Justice Shaw, speaking for the court, said: “When a party, after the time expressly granted for filing a pleading against him has expired, suffers further time to elapse without taking any action thereon, and in the meantime the pleading is served and filed, he, by such conduct, in effect grants the additional time, and the party is not strictly in default.” *637 According to the doctrine of these cases, the entry of the defendant’s default is no more than a privilege which may or may not be exercised by the plaintiff; and when it has not been taken advantage of before the defendant files his answer he cannot be regarded strictly as in default. In the present case the appellant’s answer was filed but one day late, and it set forth a meritorious defense. The plaintiff did not move to strike it from the files until one month after its filing. Under these circumstances we think that the court, in the exercise of a sound discretion, ought to have denied the plaintiff’s motion and have allowed the cause to proceed to trial. In our opinion the trial court abused its discretion in striking the appellant’s answer from the files and ordering judgment by default to be entered against him. (Lybecker v. Murray, 58 Cal. 186.) It follows that the judgment and orders appealed from should be reversed, and the cause remanded to the lower court for further proceedings, and it is so ordered. Lennon, P. J., and Richards, J., concurred. A petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on March 30,1917.